Phenotype === - ERM: Estimated Relative Maturity - a criteria or process to compare or group hybrids and varieties based on physiological maturity - Relative maturity (RM) is determined by comparing grain moisture of hybrids at harvest. Corn is mature when kernels reach maximum dry weight - MST: Percent Moisture - The standard moisture for corn is 15.5 percent - ![](https://i.imgur.com/hNT2tv0.png) - PHT: Plant Height - Derive by point cloud or manual measurement - RTLP: Root Lodged Percent - High plant populations and overly wet soil cause root lodging where roots are displaced from soil - hybrids vary in their tolerance to lodging - root lodging can be directly tied to rootworm larvae feeding - plants may lodge simply because of strong winds and saturated soils (may or may not exhibit rootworm damage) - Warm, dry conditions during corn's vegetative period result in deep root penetration while cool, wet conditions result in shallow root systems - Lodging did not affect plant development, but it did increase the number of barren plants - STLP: Percent Stalk Lodging - The timing of lodging can control its effect on yield, disease, grain moisture, quality, and evenness of ripening. - Caused by higher N application, higher wind speed, excessive soil moisture, soil density, storm damage, sowing date or over plant population - TWT: Test Weight (dry weight or fresh weight?) - YLB_BE: Yield Best Estimate - EHT: Ear Height - An ear is the grain-bearing tip part of the stem of a cereal plant, such as wheat or maize. It can also refer to "a prominent lobe in some leaves. - For maize, ear is usually the 12th leaf. ## Reference - ERM - [(maizex)](http://www.maizex.com/news/blog/understanding-relative-maturities#:~:text=The%20term%20%E2%80%9CRelative%20Maturity%E2%80%9D%20is,varieties%20based%20on%20physiological%20maturity.&text=Secondly%2C%20different%20seed%20companies%20use%20different%20formulas%20to%20rank%20their%20hybrids.) - http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/AA/A039.aspx - MST - https://emergence.fbn.com/agronomy/when-to-harvest-corn-based-on-moisture - RTLP and STLP - https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/corn/production/management/mid/silking.html - Lodging: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/plants-affected-by-lodging.htm - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322617914_Lodging_Significance_and_preventive_measures_for_increasing_crop_production - Ear height: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_(botany)#:~:text=An%20ear%20is%20the%20grain,packed%20rows%20of%20flowers%20grow.&text=In%20corn%20(maize)%2C%20it,protected%20by%20leaves%20called%20husks.