---
# System prepended metadata

title: SARS-CoV-2 important mutations
tags: [viruses]

---

---
tags: 'viruses'
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# SARS-CoV-2 important mutations

__Disclaimer__ This collection was digested from literature (March 2021), however, might be not up-to-date with the most recent findings. 


## Summary Important mutations (VOC region) in Spike and putative phenotype
| gene | amino acid | nucleotide | comment |
| ---- | ----       | ----       |---- | 
| S    | S13I      |  ?         |  NTD epitope; detected in the californian variant B.1.429  [11]  |
| S    | L18F          | C21614T          |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S    | T20N          | C21621A          |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S    | P26S          | C21638T          |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S    | HV69-70del    | del:21765:6      |Recurrent deletion region 1 (RDR1) [13]; S-target primer dropout |
| S    | D80A          | C21801T          |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S    | D138Y         | G21974T          |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S    | Y144-144del   | del:21992:3      | Recurrent deletion region 2 (RDR2) [13] !!Mutation associated with  NTD binding AB escape!! [2,10,13] |
| S    | W152C      |  ?         |  NTD epitope; detected in the californian variant B.1.429  [11] |
| S    | R190S         | G22132C/G22132T  |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S    | I210del | del:22189:3                |Recurrent deletion region 3 (RDR3) [13]|
| S    | LAL242-244del | del:22286:9                |Recurrent deletion region 4 (RDR4) [13]; resistance to NTD binding antibodies[10] |
| S    | R246I         | G22299T          |resistance to NTD binding antibodies[2,10] |
| S    | K417T         | A22812C          |resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,9,10] |
| S    | K417N         | G22813C/G22813T          |resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,9,10] |
| S    | L452R      |  ?         |  detected in the Californian variant B.1.429 [11]; probably related to increased transmissibility; in very close proximity to the mink (cluster 5) variant F453Y; possible resistence to some monoclonal antibodies, but not to reconvalescent plasma [12]   |
| S    | A475V         | C22986T      | vaccine-elicited antibody resistance [8]|
| S    | S477N         | G22992A      | Mutation seems to increase ACE2 binding (in vitro) [3], also AB resistance [7]| 
| S    | S477G         | A22991G      | Mutation seems to increase ACE2 binding (in vitro) [3], also AB resistance [7]| 
| S    | E484K         | G23012A           |strong resistance to RBD binding AB [4,9,10]
| S    | E484Q         | G23012C           |strong resistance to RBD binding AB [4,9,10]
| S    | E484P         | G23012C+A23013C           |strong resistance to RBD binding AB [4,9,10]
| S    | E484K,N501Y   | G23012A,A23063T | Combination seems to strongly increase ACE2 binding  (in vitro), resistance to RBD ABs [3,4]| 
| S    | E484K,R683G   | G23012A,C23609G     | !!Combination seems to cause insusceptibility to to vaccine elicited ABs!! [8]| 
| S    | F486S         | T23019C      | strong resistance to RBD binding antibodies[7]| 
| S    | Q493K         | C23039A      | resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,8]| 
| S    | Q493R         | A23040G      | resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,8]| 
| S    | N501Y         | A23063T      | Mutation seems to increase ACE2 binding (in vitro)[3], ?also partial resistance [8]?| 

[3] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.06.425392

[7] https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.372037

[8] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.15.426911

[9] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.25.427948

[10] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.25.428137
 
[11] https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1612

[12] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.012

[13] https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf6950
