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tags: 'viruses'
---

# SARS-CoV-2 important mutations

__Disclaimer__ This collection was digested from literature (March 2021), however, might be not up-to-date with the most recent findings.

## Summary Important mutations (VOC region) in Spike and putative phenotype
| gene | amino acid | nucleotide | comment |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |---- |
| S | S13I | ? | NTD epitope; detected in the californian variant B.1.429 [11] |
| S | L18F | C21614T |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S | T20N | C21621A |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S | P26S | C21638T |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S | HV69-70del | del:21765:6 |Recurrent deletion region 1 (RDR1) [13]; S-target primer dropout |
| S | D80A | C21801T |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S | D138Y | G21974T |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S | Y144-144del | del:21992:3 | Recurrent deletion region 2 (RDR2) [13] !!Mutation associated with NTD binding AB escape!! [2,10,13] |
| S | W152C | ? | NTD epitope; detected in the californian variant B.1.429 [11] |
| S | R190S | G22132C/G22132T |resistance to NTD binding antibodies [2] |
| S | I210del | del:22189:3 |Recurrent deletion region 3 (RDR3) [13]|
| S | LAL242-244del | del:22286:9 |Recurrent deletion region 4 (RDR4) [13]; resistance to NTD binding antibodies[10] |
| S | R246I | G22299T |resistance to NTD binding antibodies[2,10] |
| S | K417T | A22812C |resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,9,10] |
| S | K417N | G22813C/G22813T |resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,9,10] |
| S | L452R | ? | detected in the Californian variant B.1.429 [11]; probably related to increased transmissibility; in very close proximity to the mink (cluster 5) variant F453Y; possible resistence to some monoclonal antibodies, but not to reconvalescent plasma [12] |
| S | A475V | C22986T | vaccine-elicited antibody resistance [8]|
| S | S477N | G22992A | Mutation seems to increase ACE2 binding (in vitro) [3], also AB resistance [7]|
| S | S477G | A22991G | Mutation seems to increase ACE2 binding (in vitro) [3], also AB resistance [7]|
| S | E484K | G23012A |strong resistance to RBD binding AB [4,9,10]
| S | E484Q | G23012C |strong resistance to RBD binding AB [4,9,10]
| S | E484P | G23012C+A23013C |strong resistance to RBD binding AB [4,9,10]
| S | E484K,N501Y | G23012A,A23063T | Combination seems to strongly increase ACE2 binding (in vitro), resistance to RBD ABs [3,4]|
| S | E484K,R683G | G23012A,C23609G | !!Combination seems to cause insusceptibility to to vaccine elicited ABs!! [8]|
| S | F486S | T23019C | strong resistance to RBD binding antibodies[7]|
| S | Q493K | C23039A | resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,8]|
| S | Q493R | A23040G | resistance to RBD binding antibodies[1,8]|
| S | N501Y | A23063T | Mutation seems to increase ACE2 binding (in vitro)[3], ?also partial resistance [8]?|

[3] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.06.425392

[7] https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.372037

[8] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.15.426911

[9] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.25.427948

[10] https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.25.428137

[11] https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1612

[12] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.012

[13] https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf6950