美光實習 - HackMD

# 美光實習 ## 溫度感測器 [ad590](https://www.shs.edu.tw/works/essay/2009/03/2009033116461249.pdf) ## 安裝grovepi+ 輸入：`sudo i2cdetect -y 1` 安裝成功： ```bash= 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- 04 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50: -- -- -- 53 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ``` 表示grovepi有被樹莓派所偵測到。 ### 安裝grovepi操作：前提： 1. `sudo apt-get update` 2. `sudo apt-get upgrade` - step 1 :`sudo curl -kL dexterindustries.com/update_grovepi | bash` - step 2 : `mkdir ~/Dexter` - step 3 :`cd /home/pi/Dexter` - step 4 : `git clone https://github.com/Dexter/GrovePi` - 建議是直接fork到你的github - step 5 :`cd /home/pi/Dexter/GrovePi/Script` - step 6 :`sudo chmod +x install.sh` - step 7 : `ls -l` - step 8 : `install` turn to green - step 9 : `sudo ./install.sh` - step 10 : ``sudo i2cdetect -y 1 [ fourier transform](http://ericstrong.org/fast-fourier-transforms-in-python/) ## adxl345: ```python= # The MIT License (MIT) # # Copyright (c) 2016 Adafruit Industries # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all # copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE # SOFTWARE. import struct # Minimal constants carried over from Arduino library ADXL345_ADDRESS = 0x53 # data register can be change to 0x04 ADXL345_REG_DEVID = 0x00 # Device ID ADXL345_REG_DATAX0 = 0x32 # X-axis data 0 (6 bytes for X/Y/Z) ADXL345_REG_POWER_CTL = 0x2D # Power-saving features control ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT = 0x31 # search for data format ADXL345_REG_BW_RATE = 0x2C ADXL345_DATARATE_0_10_HZ = 0x00 ADXL345_DATARATE_0_20_HZ = 0x01 ADXL345_DATARATE_0_39_HZ = 0x02 ADXL345_DATARATE_0_78_HZ = 0x03 ADXL345_DATARATE_1_56_HZ = 0x04 ADXL345_DATARATE_3_13_HZ = 0x05 ADXL345_DATARATE_6_25HZ = 0x06 ADXL345_DATARATE_12_5_HZ = 0x07 ADXL345_DATARATE_25_HZ = 0x08 ADXL345_DATARATE_50_HZ = 0x09 ADXL345_DATARATE_100_HZ = 0x0A # (default) ADXL345_DATARATE_200_HZ = 0x0B ADXL345_DATARATE_400_HZ = 0x0C ADXL345_DATARATE_800_HZ = 0x0D ADXL345_DATARATE_1600_HZ = 0x0E ADXL345_DATARATE_3200_HZ = 0x0F ADXL345_RANGE_2_G = 0x00 # +/- 2g (default) ADXL345_RANGE_4_G = 0x01 # +/- 4g ADXL345_RANGE_8_G = 0x02 # +/- 8g ADXL345_RANGE_16_G = 0x03 # +/- 16g class ADXL345(object): """ADXL345 triple-axis accelerometer.""" def __init__(self, address=ADXL345_ADDRESS, i2c=None, **kwargs): """Initialize the ADXL345 accelerometer using its I2C interface. """ # Setup I2C interface for the device. if i2c is None: import Adafruit_GPIO.I2C as I2C i2c = I2C self._device = i2c.get_i2c_device(address, **kwargs) # Check that the acclerometer is connected, then enable it. if self._device.readU8(ADXL345_REG_DEVID) == 0xE5: self._device.write8(ADXL345_REG_POWER_CTL, 0x08) else: raise RuntimeError('Failed to find the expected device ID register value, check your wiring.') def set_range(self, value): """Set the range of the accelerometer to the provided value. Range value should be one of these constants: - ADXL345_RANGE_2_G = +/-2G - ADXL345_RANGE_4_G = +/-4G - ADXL345_RANGE_8_G = +/-8G - ADXL345_RANGE_16_G = +/-16G """ # Read the data format register to preserve bits. Update the data # rate, make sure that the FULL-RES bit is enabled for range scaling format_reg = self._device.readU8(ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT) & ~0x0F format_reg |= value format_reg |= 0x08 # FULL-RES bit enabled # Write the updated format register. self._device.write8(ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT, format_reg) def get_range(self): """Retrieve the current range of the accelerometer. See set_range for the possible range constant values that will be returned. """ return self._device.readU8(ADXL345_REG_DATA_FORMAT) & 0x03 def set_data_rate(self, rate): """Set the data rate of the aceelerometer. Rate should be one of the following constants: - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_10_HZ = 0.1 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_20_HZ = 0.2 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_39_HZ = 0.39 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_78_HZ = 0.78 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_1_56_HZ = 1.56 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_3_13_HZ = 3.13 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_6_25HZ = 6.25 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_12_5_HZ = 12.5 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_25_HZ = 25 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_50_HZ = 50 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_100_HZ = 100 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_200_HZ = 200 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_400_HZ = 400 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_800_HZ = 800 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_1600_HZ = 1600 hz - ADXL345_DATARATE_3200_HZ = 3200 hz """ # Note: The LOW_POWER bits are currently ignored, # we always keep the device in 'normal' mode self._device.write8(ADXL345_REG_BW_RATE, rate & 0x0F) def get_data_rate(self): """Retrieve the current data rate. See set_data_rate for the possible data rate constant values that will be returned. """ return self._device.readU8(ADXL345_REG_BW_RATE) & 0x0F def read(self): """Read the current value of the accelerometer and return it as a tuple of signed 16-bit X, Y, Z axis values. """ raw = self._device.readList(ADXL345_REG_DATAX0, 6) return struct.unpack('<hhh', raw) # Simple demo of of the ADXL345 accelerometer library. Will print the X, Y, Z # axis acceleration values every half second. # Author: Tony DiCola # License: Public Domain import time # Import the ADXL345 module. import Adafruit_ADXL345 # Import Mqtt as Server : import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt # setting for delay : import time # setting for concurrency calculation : import threading import numpy as np from scipy import pi import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # matplotlib inline # Create an ADXL345 instance. # Alternatively you can specify the device address and I2C bus with parameters: #accel = Adafruit_ADXL345.ADXL345(address=0x54, busnum=2) # You can optionally change the range to one of: # - ADXL345_RANGE_2_G = +/-2G (default) # - ADXL345_RANGE_4_G = +/-4G # - ADXL345_RANGE_8_G = +/-8G # - ADXL345_RANGE_16_G = +/-16G # For example to set to +/- 16G: #accel.set_range(Adafruit_ADXL345.ADXL345_RANGE_16_G) # Or change the data rate to one of: # - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_10_HZ = 0.1 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_20_HZ = 0.2 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_39_HZ = 0.39 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_0_78_HZ = 0.78 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_1_56_HZ = 1.56 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_3_13_HZ = 3.13 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_6_25HZ = 6.25 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_12_5_HZ = 12.5 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_25_HZ = 25 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_50_HZ = 50 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_100_HZ = 100 hz (default) # - ADXL345_DATARATE_200_HZ = 200 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_400_HZ = 400 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_800_HZ = 800 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_1600_HZ = 1600 hz # - ADXL345_DATARATE_3200_HZ = 3200 hz # For example to set to 6.25 hz: #accel.set_data_rate(Adafruit_ADXL345.ADXL345_DATARATE_6_25HZ) accel = Adafruit_ADXL345.ADXL345() # accel.set_data_rate(Adafruit_ADXL345.ADXL345_DATARATE_1600_HZ) # accel.set_range(Adafruit_ADXL345.ADXL345_RANGE_16_G) start_time = 0 # setting sstart time global end_time end_time = 30 # end at 2 seconds sampling_rate = 1000 # sample_rate = 1000HZ N = (end_time - start_time)*sampling_rate # array size time1 = np.linspace(start_time, end_time, N) def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc): print("Connected with result code "+str(rc)) client.subscribe("IOT_NEAT_TOPIC01") def on_message(client, userdata, msg): print(msg.topic+" "+str(msg.payload)) def thread1(): mqttc = mqtt.Client("python_pub") _g_cst_ToMQTTTopicServerIP = "35.229.37.146" _g_cst_ToMQTTTopicServerPort = 1883 #port _g_cst_MQTTTopicName = "IOT_NEAT_TOPIC01" #TOPIC name mqttc.connect(_g_cst_ToMQTTTopicServerIP, _g_cst_ToMQTTTopicServerPort) while 1: # x,y,z = accel.read() mqttc.publish(_g_cst_MQTTTopicName, 'X={0}, Y={1}, Z={2}'.format(x, y, z)) time.sleep(0.1) if clock == 30: print('time is up') break def thread_sensor1(): while 1: global x global y global z global vib_data_x vib_data_x = np.zeros(5000) i=0 x,y,z=accel.read() print('X_in_server={0}, Y_in_server={1}, Z_in_server={2}'.format(x, y, z)) if vib_data_x[i] == 0: vib_data_x[i] = x i+=1 time.sleep(0.1) if clock == 30: print('time is up ') break def thread_clock(): global clock clock = 0 while 1: clock += 1 print('clock is %d'%(clock)) time.sleep(1) if clock == 30: print('the time is up ') break client = mqtt.Client() client.on_connect = on_connect client.on_message = on_message client.connect("35.229.37.146", 1883, 60) my_thread1 = threading.Thread(target = thread1) my_thread2 = threading.Thread(target = thread_sensor1) my_thread3 = threading.Thread(target = thread_clock) my_thread1.start() my_thread2.start() my_thread3.start() print("this is main thread") # should not go here # client.loop_forever() ``` :::danger 解決不同一個adxl345會去干擾到另一台的數據 ::: ## 設定不同的I2C位址: [I2C位址設定](https://www.instructables.com/id/Raspberry-PI-Multiple-I2c-Devices/) [對應連結](https://github.com/pimoroni/adxl345-python/blob/master/adxl345.py) https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-pi-spi-and-i2c-tutorial#i2c-on-pi ![](https://i.imgur.com/UKztLhY.png) [I2C connect multi processor](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/25278/how-to-connect-multiple-i2c-interface-devices-into-a-single-pin-a4-sda-and-a5/170752) https://github.com/switchdoclabs/SDL_Pi_DataLogger/blob/master/SDL_Pi_TCA9545/testSDL_Pi_TCA9545.py https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/sunair/really-useful-4-channel-i2c-multiplexer-with-grove?lang=zh [SOLUTION? ](https://forum.dexterindustries.com/t/how-to-deal-with-two-conflicted-i2c-addresses/1496) [Failure? ](https://forum.dexterindustries.com/t/i2c-address-changer/2355/2) TCA9548A I2C Multiplexer https://forums.adafruit.com/viewtopic.php?f=8&p=633907 [AM2315](https://github.com/kizniche/Mycodo/blob/master/mycodo/inputs/am2315.py) https://forums.adafruit.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=83918&p=541562&hilit=TCA9548A#p541562 [source code](https://github.com/johnbryanmoore/VL53L0X_rasp_python) [BUY](https://goods.ruten.com.tw/item/show?21643091531410) [Adafruit_multiplexer](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-tca9548a-1-to-8-i2c-multiplexer-breakout) [test file ](https://bitbucket.org/kolon/my-pi-projects/src/8099b6b7391802973ad960680d7fc36def340caf/raspi-multiplex/multiplex.py?at=master) ```python= from Adafruit_GPIO import I2C tca = I2C.get_i2c_device(address=0x70) def tca_select(channel): """Select an individual channel.""" if channel > 7: return tca.writeRaw8(1 << channel) def tca_set(mask): """Select one or more channels. chan = 76543210 mask = 0b00000000 """ if mask > 0xff: return tca.writeRaw8(mask) # Select channel 0 tca_select(0) # you're now talking to OLED on channel 0 # Select channel 1 tca_select(1) # you're now talking to OLED on channel 1 # # etc # # Select channels 2 and 0 tca_set(0b0000101) # you're now talking to OLED on channels 0 and 2 simultaneously ``` [ADAFruit_gpio](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_GPIO) [setting the GPIO](https://raspi.tv/2013/how-to-use-interrupts-with-python-on-the-raspberry-pi-and-rpi-gpio-part-3) [Digital pin sensor ](https://raspi.tv/2017/make-a-rain-alert-system-with-raspberry-pi) [安裝程序](https://rmotex.blogspot.com/2018/02/raspberry-pi-3-grovepi.html) [Grove Temperature](https://github.com/DexterInd/GrovePi/blob/master/Software/Python/grove_temperature_sensor.py) ```python= #!/usr/bin/python # Change channel of TCA9548A # Example: sudo ./multiplexer_channel.py 0 import smbus import time import sys I2C_address = 0x70 I2C_bus_number = 1 I2C_ch_0 = 0b00000001 I2C_ch_1 = 0b00000010 I2C_ch_2 = 0b00000100 I2C_ch_3 = 0b00001000 I2C_ch_4 = 0b00010000 I2C_ch_5 = 0b00100000 I2C_ch_6 = 0b01000000 I2C_ch_7 = 0b10000000 def I2C_setup(i2c_channel_setup): bus = smbus.SMBus(I2C_bus_number) bus.write_byte(I2C_address,i2c_channel_setup) time.sleep(0.1) print "TCA9548A I2C channel status:", bin(bus.read_byte(I2C_address)) I2C_setup(int(sys.argv[1])) ``` [Multiplexer data sheet ](https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/tca9548a.pdf) [SMBUS I2C Write bytes data ](http://blog.ittraining.com.tw/2015/03/python-i2c-bus-on-raspberry-pi.html) [one-wire Digital Temperature sensor_1](https://thepihut.com/blogs/raspberry-pi-tutorials/ds18b20-one-wire-digital-temperature-sensor-and-the-raspberry-pi) [one-wire Digital Temperature sensor_2](https://www.mkompf.com/weather/pionewiremini.html) [one wire Digital Temperature Sensor Trouble shooting](https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=106041) [trouble shooting](https://github.com/danjperron/BitBangingDS18B20/issues/5) [Raspberry pi 3 setting the Temperature](https://www.electronicshub.org/raspberry-pi-ds18b20-tutorial/?amp) ## Temperature ```python= import os import time os.system('modprobe w1-gpio') os.system('modprobe w1-therm') temp_sensor = '/sys/bus/w1/devices/3b-0000001817de/w1_slave' def temp_raw(): f = open(temp_sensor,'r') lines = f.readlines() f.close() return lines def read_temp(): lines = temp_raw() while lines[0].strip()[-3: ] != 'YES': time.sleep(0.2) lines = temp_raw() temp_output = lines[1].find('t=') if temp_output != -1: temp_string = lines[1].strip()[temp_output+2:] temp_c = float(temp_string)/1000.0 temp_f = temp_c * 9.0/5.0+32.0 return temp_c,temp_f while True: print(read_temp()) time.sleep(0.1) ``` [How to power and read multiple DS18B20 temperature sensors](https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=204935) [Multiple DS18B20 temperature sensors](https://lb.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=167896) [W1-GPIO - One-Wire Interface](https://pinout.xyz/pinout/1_wire) [documents](https://jumpnowtek.com/rpi/Using-DS18B20-1-wire-Temp-Sensors-with-the-Raspberry-Pi.html) [ADXL345 Velocity](http://ijirae.com/volumes/Vol4/iss11/04.NVAE10086.pdf) [積分速度](https://www.itread01.com/content/1549331106.html) [積分速度_2](https://blog.csdn.net/liboxiu/article/details/79002088) [list of dictionary_1 : ](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/working-csv-files) [list_of_dictionary_2 : ](https://bytes.com/topic/python/answers/781432-how-create-list-dictionaries) [Mosquitto](http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/install-mosquitto-broker/) [Mosquitto 安裝](http://rocksaying.tw/archives/2017/MQTT-4-Install-mosquitto-on-windows.html) [Mosquitto_指令_1](http://guang.logdown.com/posts/235550-mqtt-mosquitto-teaching) [Mosquitto_指令_2](http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/mosquitto_pub-sub-clients/) [How to Install The Mosquitto MQTT Broker on Windows](http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/install-mosquitto-broker/) mosquitto_sub -h 10.98.124.127 -p 1883 -t IOT_NEAT_TOPIC01 [儲存到MY_SQL](https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/store-mqtt-data-from-sensors-into-sql-database/) [視覺化](https://oranwind.org/-data-visualization-python-chuan-jie-mosquitto-mqtt-broker-2/) [git-hub: MY_SQL](https://github.com/pradeesi/Store_MQTT_Data_in_Database) [SQLite3 教學](http://yhhuang1966.blogspot.com/2018/04/python-sqlite_28.html) [如何使用PyMySQL操作mysql資料庫](https://www.pixpo.net/technology/0I3bD2FU.html) [Python X MySql](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10207905) [Python3資料庫操作包pymysql的操作方法](https://www.itread01.com/article/1531709043.html) [MySQL 超新手入門](http://www.codedata.com.tw/database/mysql-tutorial-database-abc-mysql-installation) [pymysql操作数据库-插入数据](https://blog.csdn.net/brucewong0516/article/details/79883100)