山豬枷
===
![158324_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryMY3jhNC.jpg)
[TOC]
## Scientific name & Common name
***Ficus tinctoria G. Forst***
**桑科(Moraceae)榕屬(Ficus)**
山豬枷,又名斯氏榕、豬腳榕
Dye Fig
## Morphology
* **root**
The special introduction of root can not be found. :)
* **stem**
An erect shrub, often growing on limestone in its youth and on coral reefs in its maturity. In its early stages, it is typically vine-like, but as it matures, it can grow into a large shrub up to about 2 meters tall. It has numerous branches, with small twigs that are brown or grayish-white, extending, drooping, or ascending obliquely.
* **leaf**
Leaves are alternately arranged and are oval or oblong. The base of the leaf is rounded, with entire, slightly rolled edges. The leaf surface is glossy green, while the underside is light green, both surfaces bearing short, stiff hairs. There are 5-10 veins on each side. The stipules are ovate or lanceolate and deciduous.
* **flower**
The syconia are spherical or nearly spherical, scattered with stiff hairs, and red or dark red with short stalks. Its base has no bracts or its bracts fall off early.
Female flowers grow individually within one inflorescence, are pedicellate, and have four perianth lobes. The ovary is ovoid, smooth, and hairless. The style is lateral, and the stigma is dark brown.
Male flowers and gall flowers grow within one inflorescence; male flowers are pedicellate with 3 to 4 perianth lobes and a single stamen.
Gall flowers have long pedicels, 3 to 4 perianth lobes, and lateral styles.
* **seed**
The special introduction of seed can not be found. :)
* **fruit**
The syconium fruit has short stalks, are axillary, solitary, spherical, and orange-red, covered with stiff hairs. The base of the stalk has 4 bracts.
|![158297_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ByYinonEA.jpg)|
| - |
|![158291_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hy11pjnVR.jpg)|
|![158327_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sy9XTo24C.jpg)|
|![158293_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJmgpjh4R.jpg)|
## Adapation
* How this plant adapt to an aquatic environment
> 山豬枷 grows on dry limestone and coral reef terrains, and its rough, leathery leaves help it reduce water loss in dry environments.
> And it can be a stranglers.
![158326_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H10w6j2VA.jpg =50%x)
## Distribution
**Native distributions**
山豬枷 mainly spreads in Asia, Malesia, northern Australia, and the South Pacific islands
**Current distributions**
There is no different to its native distibutions.
## Ecology
**Habitat**
Scandent shrubs generally on limestone, branchlets whitish-yellow to pale brown, rough and hispid.
**Pollination**
山豬枷 is mainly pollinated by Fig wasp.
**Dispersal**
山豬枷 is mainly sea dispersed.
## Others
**傳統藥用**
山豬枷其樹皮有清熱利濕、化痰鎮咳、袪風通絡之用途,治感冒發熱、咳嗽、肺熱喘咳、支氣管炎、傷寒腹痛、風濕關節痛。功能挺多的。
**其他用途**
作為染料
**實地觀察心得**
這個植物是真的生長得很克難,或說要去一些偏僻的岩石上才找的到。
一開始要尋找著個植物在哪裡,看著iNaturalis上標示的可發現山豬枷的地點竟然有在海面上(蓮海路旁),想說怎麼會有這麼離譜的定位,結果到了實際地點一看,還真的是長在海面中的幾顆大礁岩上。所以那個定位真的沒有搞錯。山豬枷的生存條件真的好嚴苛。
# Photos
|![158330_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1LIW334A.jpg)|![158329_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJswWh2E0.jpg)|![158292_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJlqZ3h40.jpg)|
|-|-|-|
|![158325_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1pXtZCN0.jpg)|
| - |
# Reference
[維基百科](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E5%8F%B6%E6%A6%95)
[山豬枷](http://kplant.biodiv.tw/%E5%B1%B1%E8%B1%AC%E6%9E%B7/%E5%B1%B1%E8%B1%AC%E6%9E%B7.htm)
[Ficus tinctoria 山豬枷](https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/species/308%20006%2034%200)
[山豬枷 國立自然科學博物館](https://www.nmns.edu.tw/ch/exhibitions/galleries/botanical-garden/flowers/Theme-F00239/)
[山豬枷 亞泥生態園區](https://accpark.org/plant.php?id=309)