IF 用法 - HackMD

# If 有兩種中文解釋 # 1.是否= whether I don't know if he wants to drink tea or not. I don't know whether he wants to drink tea or not. 以上句子的or not 可以省略 (想了解更多請去(https://english.cool/whether/), 因為這不是重點:)) # 2.如果假設語氣分1+4種 #### * 第一種（注意不是假設語氣） 1. 從屬子句＋現在式＋未來式（屬現未) 2. 從屬子句＋現在式＋現來式（屬現現） 3. 從屬子句＋現在式＋祈使句（屬現祈使句） 4. 從屬子句＋過去式＋過去式（屬過過） 5. 從屬子句＋未在式＋未來式（但是沒有屬未未） e.g. 1. If I have time, I will go to bed. 2. If I have time, I go to sleep. 3. If you want to go on a vacation, get your task done. 4. If I had time, I would go to sleep. 5. If I will have time, I will go to sleep(無此用法, 改成1.屬現未用法去改寫) 改寫:If I have time, I will go to sleep. <*****If可替換成以下的字*****> 1. **In case** 2. **In case that** 3. **On condition that** （較為正式的用法） 4. **provided that** 5. **providing that** 6. **in the event that** 7. **In the event of +Ving/N** e.g. On condition that you make a purchase before 7/10, you will be given a 10 percent off discount. (其他忘記, 我之後補) 補充數, 主＝主＋屬 If I have enough money, I will travel to Japan. =I will travel to Japan if I have enough money. #### * 第二種與現在式相反的情況 If + S + 過去式動詞, S + would/should/could/might + VR `If I were a girl, I would buy that skirt.` #### * 第三種與過去式相反 If + S + had + p.p., S + would/should/could/might + have + p.p. `If I had booked the ticket, I could have been there an hour earlier.` #### * 第四-1種與未來相反(前後事件皆高機率發生) If + S + should + VR, S + will/shall/can/may + VR `If I should arrive the movie theater tardily, I will not be allowed to enter.` #### * 第四-2種與未來相反(前後事件皆低機率發生) If + S + should + VR, S + would/should/could/might + VR `If I should arrive the movie theater tardily, I would not be allowed to enter.` #### * 第五種與真理/大自然規律相反 If + S + were to + V, S + would/should/could/might + VR. `If the sun were to rise from the West, I would take your suggestion into account. --- #### * 延伸討論 [第一種第四句句型](https://hackmd.io/X7zdBJ-ITVC6eXiqnBJe6w?both#-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A8%AE%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%A3%E6%9C%83%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%EF%BC%89) [第二種句型](https://hackmd.io/X7zdBJ-ITVC6eXiqnBJe6w?both#-%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%A8%AE-%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%B8%E5%8F%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%B3%81) 第一種第三句範例 VS 第二種的句型都一樣, ***非常容易混淆*** If + S + 過去式動詞, S + would/should/could/might + VR 第一種第四句 單純的條件句:: I felt weary last week. If I had time, I would go to sleep without any hesitation. (我上禮拜感到很累, 如果"**當時**"我有時間的話, 我會毫不猶豫的去睡覺) 第二種 與現在事實相反: I get lots of assignments to tackle recently. If I had time, I would go to sleep without hesitation. (我最近在處理很多作業, 如果我"**現在**"有時間的話, 我會毫不猶豫的去睡覺) #### 混淆點: --- # 3.If 子句變形>>倒裝句 1. If I were a girl, I would buy that skirt. `>>Were I a girl, i would buy that skirt.` 2. If I had booked the ticket, I could have been there an hour earlier. `>>Had I booked the ticket, I could have been there an hour earlier.` 3. If I should arrive the movie theater tardily, I would not be allowed to enter. `>>Should I arrive the movie theater tardily, I would not be allowed to enter.` 4. 以下為特殊句 If I had saved some allowances, I will be able to buy this model next week.（本句子語意>>如果我之前有存的話, 我下禮拜就可以買模型了) `>>If I had saved some allowances, I would have been able to buy this model.（本句子語意>>如果我之前有存的話, 我之前就可以買模型了)` --- # 4.總結如果沒有他的幫忙,我"現在"無法成功(現在已經成功了) 1. Without his help, I wouldn't succeed. 2. But for his help, I wouldn't succeed. 3. If it were not for his help, I wouldn't succeed. 4. If it were not that he helped me, I wouldn't succeed. 如果沒有他的幫忙,我"當初"就無法蓋這棟房子 1. Without his help, I couldn't have built this house. 2. But for his help, I couldn't have built this house. 3. If it had not been for his help, I couldn't have built this house. 4. If it had not been that he helped us, I couldn't have built this house. (類似如果語氣) 唯恐/以免/害怕 lest = for fear that = for fear of 1. For fear of being flunked, he stayed up late to prepare for the test. 2. For fear that he get flunked, he stayed up late to prepare for the test. 3. He stayed up late to prepare for the test lest he get flunked. ------------------------------------------------- ### * wish 用法：此句型只適用於與現在事實相反和與過去事實相反的假設語氣 與現在相反 1. I wish that he were here. 我希望他在這邊 2. I wish I had the capability of predicting my future. 我希望我有能力預測我的未來 3. I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一隻鳥 4. I wish it would snow in summer in Taiwan. 我希望台灣的夏天會下雪 與過去相反 1. I wish that I had gone here 5 minutes earlier. 我希望我早5分鐘到達 2. I wish that I had never met her before. 我希望我以前沒遇見她 ### * hope 用法：此句型可用於任何時態，只要配合當時狀況即可 1. I hope that I win the lottery in the furture.我希望我有一天能中樂透 2. I hope that mt dad is healthy. 我希望我爸還很健康 3. I hope that he had finished the work. 我希望他已經完成工作了 NOTE: 表祝福時最好用 wish I wish you a merry Xmas.----(O) I hope you a merry Xmas----(X) I hope that you have a good time----(O) ------------------------------------------------- * as if = as though 好像彷彿 1. 狀況一：表示有可能（非假設語氣） It looks as if it is going to rain. It looks as if we are going to have a typhoon vacation on Monday. 2. 狀況二：與現在事實相反（假設語氣） You talk as if you were a 60-year-old lady. Cindy treated Jason so well as if he were her boyfriend. 3. 狀況三：與現在過去相反（假設語氣） As a witness, Max provide the police with what he had seen vividly as if it were what he had undergone himself. He talks as if he had met something strange at the time. ------------------------------------------------- * If only... 要是...就好了此句型只能用在與現在事實相反及與過去事實相反的假設語氣 1. If only my dad were here, I would ask him to show me money. 2. If only I had known the secret, I would have broken up with my boyfriend. Note:在假設語氣的世界一率使用were,不用was If it weren't late, I would buy myself a cup of coffee. [參考資料] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaoYxK1fgX8&t=492s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCps9D5pufU