# Meeting 01.12.2021 - Time line on decentralized technologies

###### tags:`Meetings`,`Notes`,`2021`

The intent of this document generate the content that will be part of a diagram/model/timeline that will be published on the website of the thesis.

The main objective of this exercise is to create a spatial discourse of decentralising protocols and better the understand the actors involved in the decentralisation(s) processes that and define my research vocabulary on the subject.

After the this content to be validated the coding of the website and design is to follow. Technical specification will include:

- Hosting at Ehetereum Domains Registrar (ENS)
- IPFS storage for files & PDF's
- Website visualisation based on Stafford Beer models

> Technology is social before it is technical.
> Gilles Deleuze, Foucault (book), 1986

> A computer protocol is a set of recommendations and rules that outline specific technical standards. The protocols that govern much of the Internet are contained in what are called RFC (Request For Comments) documents. Called “the primary documentation of the Internet,” these technical memoranda detail the vast majority of standards and protocols in use on the Internet today.

> Protocol is a universal description language for objects.
>
> Protocol is a language that regulates flow, directs netspace, codes relationships, and connects life-forms.
>
>Protocol never operates in general, but instead exists through specific material management styles that are made visible within the institution of the digital network. Nonhuman life forms, referred to by artists and scientists alike as “artificial life,” exist already today in such digital networks.

> Protocol is a system of distributed management.
> Protocol facilitates peer-to-peer relationships between autonomous entities.
> Protocol is anti-hierarchy and anti-authority.
> Protocol engenders localized decision making, not centralized.
> Protocol is robust, flexible, and universal.
> Protocol can accommodate massive contingency.
> Protocol is the outcome (not the antecedent) of distributed behavior.

>

> Above all, the political economy of protocol is that of management, modulation, and control. Technically and politically the “control society” emerges as much from cybernetics research as it does from a military-industrial imperative toward the “governmentality” of information systems. This historical backdrop sets the stage for the various periodizations and mutations in the life of protocol. At the center of such changes is the issue of political and technological adaptation, situated between centralized control and decentralized regulation.

*Alexander Galloway, Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization,2004*

> Application Protocols (HTTP, SMTP, etc.)
> TCP/IP provides an assortment of application protocols, providing the end-user applications with access to the data being passed across the transport protocols. These protocols include the Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which is used by electronic mail systems to move mail messages around the Internet, and the Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is used by web browsers to access data stored on web servers, among many others.

*Eric A. Hall, Internet Core Protocols: The Definitive Guide, 2000*

> The blockchain has its roots in Bitcoin, which was a response to corrupt centralized and opaque power structures that became explicit in the financial crisis of 2008. The core values that inspired its design are therefore decentralisation, openness and neutrality, but these values cannot be fully guaranteed by the technical architecture alone and must be considered for each project that is undertaken. A decentralized computer network does not guarantee decentralized power; code and cryptography does not guarantee neutrality; openness does not guarantee legibility.

*Satoshi Oath for developers, Jaya Klara Brekke, 2016*

# Timeline

## 1879: **The Bertillon System was put in place in France**

*A photograph from Alphonse Bertillon's photo album from his exhibition at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa*

## 1950: **Bürolandschaft/Großraumbüro movement in Germany**

*Office landscape floor plan, showing traditional desks, curved screens, potted plants, and organic geometry*

## 1959: Mesa City plan by Paolo Soleri

*Paolo Soleri, detail, Mesa City Market (Arts and Crafts), 1961. Pencil, Charcoal, pastel on paper. Collection of the Cosanti Foundation. © Paolo Soleri. Photo: Cosanti Foundation/Soleri Archives/David DeGomez*

## 1960: **A plan for Tokyo 1960 / Kenzo Tange**

**

## 1961: **Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations**

*Thirteenth Session of the General Assembly, meeting of the Sixth Committee on Diplomatic intercourse and immunities, United Nations Headquarters, New York: Mr. Salah Eddin Refai (Jordan, left) and Mr. Takeshi Kanematsu (Japan).*

## 1965: **Christopher Alexander publishes "A City is Not a Tree"**

*Semilattice (a) and Tree Structures (b).*

## 1969: **Crocker, S., "Host Software", RFC 1, April 1969**


## 1970: **Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model)**

## 1973: Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf collaborate to develop Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)


## 1972: International Design Conference in Aspen: The Invisible City curated by Richard Saul Wurman


## **1974: Computer Lib/Dream Machines is published by Ted Nelson**

## 1974: The Production of Space by Henry Lefevbre

## 1976: Rhizome: Introduction by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari
*Illustration by Marc Ngui*

## 1977: A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein

## 1978: Cedric Price Generator Project

## 1983: Domain Name System (DNS) replaced HOSTS.TXT

## 1985: FTP was entered as a standard (RFC 959)

## 1988: The Defense department (USA) transferred control of the central “backbone” of the Internet over to the National Science Foundation(USA)

## 1991: First HTTP client–server model server was put online by Tim Berners Lee

## 1993: Mosaic — the first graphical browser. UI designed by Colleen Bushnell.

## 1994: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded

## 1995: National Science Foundation transferred control to commercial telecommunications interests.

## 1996: Information Architects by Richard Saul Wurman

## 1998: Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-Scale Web Sites by Peter Morville & Louis Rosenfeld

## 1999: The Wi-Fi Alliance was formed

## 1996: Tribes, Institutions, Markets, Networks (TIMN) by David Ronfeldt.

## 1999: *Etoys.com* lawsuit to *etoy.com* case
{%youtube hwjIJtwOZnY %}
## 2002: Foundation of the Information Architects Institute

## 2005: GIT versioning system

## 2006: The Pirate Bay raid enforced by Swedish police backed by Russian government.

## 2008: IBM Launches Smarter Cities Project

## 2008: AirBnb is Launched

## 2008: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System whitepaper

## 2009: Uber is Launched

## 2011: Trademark "Smart City" was officially registered as belonging to IBM.

## 2012: Information-Centric Networking Research Group ICNRG is formed at the IETF | Internet Engineering Task Force

## 2014: Juan Bennet founded Protocol Labs to support the InterPlanetary File System protocol (ipfs://)

## 2013: Max Ogden in 2013 founded Dat Foundation to support the DAT Protocol (dat://)

## 2014: First Bitcoin Marriage

## 2015: LoRa Alliance is formed

## 2017: Decentralized Internet Infrastructure (dinrg) is formed at the IETF | Internet Engineering Task Force

## 2017: Filecoin: A Decentralized Storage Network white paper is published

## 2017: Artists Re:Thinking the Blockchain Published

## 2018: Decentralized Web Summit

## 2018: Thinking Machines Art and Design in the Computer Age, 1959–1989 exhibition at MoMa

## 2019: Brave Browser is launched

> One of the defining features of intelligent networks (capitalism, Hollywood, language) is an ability to produce an apparatus to hide the apparatus....The browser is fundamentally a kind of filter. It is a machine that uses a set of instructions (HTML) to include, exclude, and organize con- tent. Its virtue is not diversity but university....

## 2019: Akon launches Akoin Cryptocurrency and plans for its city in Senegal

## 2021: The "Basic Attention Token" (BAT) Whitepaper is released

## 2021: Andrés Reisinger sells collection of "impossible" virtual furniture for $450,000 at auction

## 2021: BitCoin City plan revealed by El Salvador

# Iconography













# Superorganism (Holobiont)

## Castel (Human tower)
{%youtube SQM4qbwyxCM %}

## Moshpit
{%youtube l6R7PiISaZw %}

## La Ola ( The wave)
{%youtube 9IfcFwseTdY %}

## Crossings
{%youtube Bi61ue_cpMY %}

## Flashmob
{%youtube hMnk7lh9M3o %}

# Coordination & Echo

## Acting Things

{%vimeo 99918893 %}

## Sound Art echo

{%youtube fAxHlLK3Oyk %}

## Rechnender Raum

{%vimeo 167252338 %}