--- title: 【LeetCode】0043. Multiply Strings date: 2018-12-26 is_modified: false disqus: cynthiahackmd categories: - "面試刷題" tags: - "LeetCode" --- {%hackmd @CynthiaChuang/Github-Page-Theme %} <br> Given two non-negative integers `num1` and `num2` represented as strings, return the product of `num1` and `num2`, also represented as a string. <!--more--> <br> **Example 1:** ```python Input: num1 = "2", num2 = "3" Output: "6" ``` **Example 2:** ```python Input: num1 = "123", num2 = "456" Output: "56088" ``` <br> > **Note:** > 1 . The length of both `num1` and `num2` is < 110. > 2 . Both `num1` and `num2` contain only digits `0-9`. > 3 . Both `num1` and `num2` do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself. > 4 . You **must not use any built-in BigInteger library** or **convert the inputs to integer** directly. <br> **Related Topics:** `String`、`Math` ## 解題邏輯與實作 這題最直接的解法是用直式乘法的方法做,嘿,就是下面的那個東西,小學算的要死要活的那個! ![enter image description here](https://slidesplayer.com/slide/11174206/60/images/26/%E7%9B%B4%E5%BC%8F%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5.jpg) <br> 直式乘法最基本的概念就是,按位相乘、位移相加,有這個概念就可以實作了,不過有幾點要先知道的: 1. m 位數與 n 位數相乘,結果最大為 m+n 位 2. n1[i] 與 n2[j] 相乘結果會出現在 answer[i+j]上 ← 忘了說,這條是因為我把乘數與被乘數反轉才成立的 3. **corner case** :任何與 0 相乘都會是 0 ,所以遇到是 0 可以直接回傳了 實做過程如下: 1. 判斷乘數與被乘數是否 0 ,若任一數為 0 ,則回傳答案為 0 ,否則繼續向下執行。 2. 反轉乘數與被乘數,方便從最低位數開始計算。 3. 使用雙層迴圈,依序取值,兩相乘後與進位值和上一層相乘結果相加。 4. 最後將計算結果反轉後回傳。 ```python= class Solution: def __init__(self): self.acrii_0 = ord('0') def chr_to_int(self,num): return ord(num) - self.acrii_0 def int_to_chr(self,num): return chr(num + self.acrii_0) def mult(self, num1, num2, carry): num1 = self.chr_to_int(num1) num2 = self.chr_to_int(num2) carry = self.chr_to_int(carry) result = num1 * num2 + carry carry = 0 if result >= 10 : carry = result // 10 result = result % 10 return self.int_to_chr(result), self.int_to_chr(carry) def add(self, num1, num2): num1 = self.chr_to_int(num1) num2 = self.chr_to_int(num2) result = num1+num2 return self.int_to_chr(result) def multiply(self, num1, num2): if num1 == "0" or num2 == "0": return "0" len_num1 = len(num1) len_num2 = len(num2) answer = [''] * (len_num1 + len_num2) num1 = num1[::-1] num2 = num2[::-1] for j in range(len_num2): for i in range(len_num1): n1 = num1[i] n2 = num2[j] carry = '0' if answer[i+j] == "" else answer[i+j] result, carry = self.mult(n1,n2,carry) answer[i+j] = result if carry != "0" : if answer[i+j+1] != "" : answer[i+j+1] = self.add(answer[i+j+1] ,carry) else: answer[i+j+1] = carry answer = answer[::-1] return "".join(answer) ``` 因為題目要求不能轉 int,但我又不想自己做相乘,所以我折中使用 arcii 的方法,算是有點偷吃步吧 XD ### 作弊... 上面那邊用自己做的乘法器,執行完的效果感覺不是很好,跑出了大約 536 ms、6.77% 的成績。想說要來就一下 40 ms 的寫法,看完之後我輸的不冤阿… ```python = class Solution: def multiply(self, num1, num2): return str(int(num1)*int(num2)) ``` 這位仁兄直接轉整數後相乘再轉回來,當然快... ## 其他連結 1. [【LeetCode】0000. 解題目錄](/x62skqpKStKMxRepJ6iqQQ) <br><br> > **本文作者**: 辛西亞.Cynthia > **本文連結**: [辛西亞的技能樹](https://cynthiachuang.github.io/LeetCode-0043-Multiply-Strings) / [hackmd 版本](https://hackmd.io/@CynthiaChuang/LeetCode-0043-Multiply-Strings) > **版權聲明**: 部落格中所有文章,均採用 [姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享 4.0 國際](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) 許可協議。轉載請標明作者、連結與出處!