---
# System prepended metadata

title: 微算機與組合語言
tags: [Microprocessor & Assembly language]

---

# 微算機與組合語言

:::info
成績計算
- 出缺席: 15% (一次扣 3 分)
- 作業: 30% (5 個作業或考試，每次 6 分)
- 期中考試: 25%
- 期末考試: 30%
:::

Week 1
===

Computers  Evolution
---
- Mainframe-> minicomputers-> workstation-> Microcomputers -> mobile devices
- Microcomputers
    - Apple-> Apple II-> IBM PC/XT-> IBM PC/AT-> IBM Compatible PC(PC)-> notebook & tablet PC -> PDA & cell phone

CPU Evolution
---
- Microprocessors (Intel)
    - 4004 ->8008-> 8080-> 8085-> 8086-> 8088-> 80286-> 80386-> 80486-> Pentium-> Pentium Pro-> Pentium II-> Pentium III-> Pentium IV
    - 4bits-> 8bits-> 16bits-> 32bits-> 64bits
- Single core
- Due Core (2)
- Quad Core (4)
- Hexa Core (6)
- Octa Core (8)
- Deca Core (10)
- Dodeca Core (12)
- Hexadeca Core (16)
![](https://i.imgur.com/fv9JJN7.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/vE6IP8w.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/WKinqd3.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/ISI2AA3.png)

Computers  Evolution
---
- Classification of microprocessors
    - Reprogrammable microprocessor
        - For general purpose microcomputer
    - Embedded microprocessor
        - For special purpose microcomputer
        - In general, implemented as a single chip
        - 8051, ARM

![](https://i.imgur.com/KRZZgyy.png)

General Architecture
---
- Microcomputer & microprocessor
    - IC (integrated circuit)
        - SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI, ...

![](https://i.imgur.com/HkY4iZ8.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/64CrtR8.png)

- 8086/8088 Family
- Upward compatible
    - 80286 can execute 8088/8086 code
- Memory management, protection, and multitasking

![](https://i.imgur.com/ruK1AlI.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/wZnVq2k.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/RLUVGlc.png)
