# Colorado Initiative 175: Who's Really Behind "Restore Our Roads"?

**A sourced investigation into the money, networks, and interests driving the $2.1 billion road-funding ballot measure**

> **Disclaimer:** This is citizen research compiled from public records, tax filings, Secretary of State data, and investigative journalism. Every factual claim is cited with a source link. Where evidence is inferred rather than confirmed, it is labeled as such. I am not affiliated with any campaign for or against this initiative. Verify everything yourself — the sources are all linked.

---

## TL;DR

Colorado Initiative 175 would constitutionally earmark **$2.1 billion/year** in existing state revenue for roads-only spending. It's framed as "fixing roads without a tax increase." In reality:

- It's **written by highway contractors** (Colorado Contractors Association) who stand to gain $2B/year in guaranteed work
- It's **managed by oil/gas lobbyists** (76 Group — Josh Penry, who represents Phillips 66, COGA, and other fossil fuel clients)
- It's **pushed through the ballot process** by a former Koch operative (Dustin Zvonek, ex-Americans for Prosperity state director) who said the quiet part out loud: the goal is *"not just to fund road maintenance, but to prevent funding from going to public transportation and bike lane infrastructure"*
- It's **funded through dark money** — the Advance Colorado network (Michael Fields) filed 61 of 87 ballot initiatives this cycle, funded by anonymous donors through layered nonprofits
- It **defunds** police training ($6M/yr), EMS grants ($12.1M/yr), transit, EV charging, emissions testing, and diverts **$539 million/year from the General Fund** (education, healthcare, public safety)
- **Rural Colorado gets screwed** — most road funding goes to the Front Range via population-weighted formulas, while rural communities lose Bustang Outrider bus service, new transit authority grants, and EV charging infrastructure their tourism economies need

---

## What Initiative 175 Actually Does

Adds **Section 22 to Article X** of the Colorado Constitution:

1. **Captures 100%** of all state sales/use taxes, excise taxes, and fees on motor vehicles and motor vehicle fuel
2. **Captures 2/3** of state sales/use taxes on motor vehicle parts
3. **Mandates** all captured revenue be spent exclusively on "road transportation" — defined as roads/bridges/highways **designed and primarily used for motor vehicle use**, plus State Patrol
4. **Effective date:** January 1, 2027
5. **"Notwithstanding" clause:** Overrides all conflicting state law

The Title Board's own ballot title says it plainly — this measure means **"decreasing funding for other transportation-related services and programs."**

Source: [Text of Measure (PDF)](https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Initiatives/titleBoard/filings/2025-2026/175Final.pdf); [SOS Title Board Results](https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Initiatives/titleBoard/results/2025-2026/175Results.html)

### The Fiscal Impact: $2.1 Billion/Year Redirected

Per the **Colorado Legislative Council Staff** (the nonpartisan analysts):

| Fund Source | FY 2026-27 (half-year) | FY 2027-28 (full year) |
|---|---|---|
| General Fund (new obligation) | $264.4M | $538.9M |
| Highway Users Tax Fund | $670.7M | $1,395.0M |
| Other Transit-Related Cash Funds | $81.7M | $161.6M |
| **Total** | **$1,016.8M** | **$2,089.6M** |

Source: [Fiscal Impact Statement (PDF)](https://leg.colorado.gov/initiative_files/3095/download)

### Programs That Lose Funding

| Program | Annual Loss | What It Currently Funds |
|---|---|---|
| General Fund | ~$539M | Education, healthcare, public safety, human services |
| DRIVES Fund | $66.7M | DMV IT systems and operations |
| Multimodal Transportation Fund | $15.6M | Transit, bicycle, pedestrian infrastructure |
| EMS Account | $12.1M | Emergency medical services grants statewide |
| License Plate Cash Fund | $12.5M | License plate manufacturing |
| Emissions Air Account | $10.1M | Vehicle emissions testing and air quality |
| P.O.S.T. Board | $6.0M | **Police officer training and certification** |
| EV Grant Fund | $4.5M | Electric vehicle charging infrastructure |
| MOST Fund | $1.1M | Motorcycle safety training |

Yes, you read that right: this "pro-roads" initiative defunds **police training** and **ambulance services**.

---

## Follow the Money: Who's Behind It

### The Filed Proponents (the names on paper)

| Name | Location | Background |
|---|---|---|
| Michael Andre Hancock | Aurora, CO | Retired tech executive |
| Donna Kim Wade | Littleton, CO | No public profile found |
| Donald Hanneman | Castle Rock, CO | Retired contractor; possible connection to Castle Rock Construction Co. (CDOT highway contractor) — **unverified** |

Source: [SOS Filing](https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Initiatives/titleBoard/filings/2025-2026/175Final.pdf); [Colorado Newsline](https://coloradonewsline.com/2025/07/24/ballot-measure-would-road-maintenance/)

### The Real Power (who's actually running this)

Here's the network, traced through public records, tax filings, and investigative reporting:

ANONYMOUS DONORS (Phil Anschutz alleged; donor-advised funds)
        |
        v
Bradley Impact Fund ---$250K---> Advance Colorado (Michael Fields)
        |                              |
Donor-Advised Funds ---$2M--->  Colorado Opportunity Foundation (Michael Fields)
                                       |
                                $2.6M (2023)
                                       |
                                       v
                               Advance Colorado (filed 61 of 87 ballot initiatives)
                              /        |        \
                        $40K          Filed       Katie Kennedy
                         |         Initiative      administers
                         v           175          satellite orgs
               Common Sense Institute
               ("Highway Detours" report)
               paid 76 Group for research
                         |
                         v
              76 Group (Penry, Pollard, Zvonek)
             /           |              \
    Blitz Canvassing  Ascent Media   Campaign mgmt
    (gathering         (media)
     signatures)

INDUSTRY COALITION
    CCA (Tony Milo) --- leading the coalition
    Club 20 (Wade Haerle) --- "#1 priority"
    CO Chamber (Loren Furman) --- supportive
    Independence Institute --- editorial support

### The Key Players

**Josh Penry — 76 Group founder, oil/gas lobbyist**
- Former youngest Colorado state senator; former Republican minority leader
- Long-standing contracts with Colorado Oil and Gas Association (COGA)
- Created "Vital for Colorado" — an [astroturf front group coordinated with COGA](https://www.desmog.com/2014/10/21/josh-penry-and-kristin-strohm-first-couple-colorado-fracking-front-groups/) to fight local drilling regulations
- Co-owner of Blitz Canvassing, the firm gathering Initiative 175 signatures
- Oil/gas clients include: Phillips 66, Bison Oil and Gas, Providence Energy, POCO Energy, Guzman Energy ([source](https://fminus.org/clients/76-group/))
- **Married to Kristin Strohm, former president of Common Sense Institute** — CSI paid 76 Group for "research and lobbying" while Strohm led CSI ([CSI's own 2022 tax filing, per CO Times Recorder](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/01/despite-claim-not-to-take-sides-common-sense-institute-accepts-funds-from-conservative-advocacy-group-and-pays-gop-consulting-firm-to-conduct-research/66741/))

**Dustin Zvonek — 76 Group principal, former Koch operative**
- **Former Colorado state director of Americans for Prosperity** (Koch-funded) ([Ballotpedia](https://ballotpedia.org/Dustin_Zvonek))
- Former CEO of Unite for Colorado (now Advance Colorado Action) — spent **$17.2M in 2020**; one anonymous donor gave **$9.7M** ([Colorado Sun](https://coloradosun.com/2021/12/22/unite-for-colorado-conservative-dark-money/))
- Pitched all five transportation initiative variants to the Title Board
- **Said the quiet part out loud on KOA Radio:** the measures are intended *"not just to fund road maintenance, but to prevent funding from going to public transportation and bike lane infrastructure"* ([KOA Radio](https://koacolorado.iheart.com/featured/ross-kaminsky/content/2025-07-30-dustin-zvonek-talking-government-money-for-roads-should-be-spent-on-roads/))

**Michael Fields — Advance Colorado president, dark money architect**
- Filed **61 of 87** ballot initiatives for the 2025-2026 cycle ([CO Times Recorder](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/11/advance-co-dominates-citizen-ballot-initiative-process/74597/))
- Controls both Advance Colorado AND its primary funder, Colorado Opportunity Foundation
- COF received $2M from anonymous donor-advised funds in 2022; $250K from Bradley Impact Fund (Milwaukee conservative philanthropy) in 2021
- Advance Colorado revenue grew from $1M (2021) to **$5.7M** (2024) ([ProPublica](https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/854192457))
- **Fined $40,000** by the Colorado Secretary of State for failing to register as an issue committee ([CPR News](https://www.cpr.org/2023/04/21/unite-for-colorado-secretary-of-state-legal-case/))

**Tony Milo — Colorado Contractors Association, leading the coalition**
- CCA represents the companies that build Colorado's roads and highways
- Confirmed CCA is leading a "still-forming coalition" behind the initiative
- A $2B/year constitutional earmark = **permanent, constitutionally guaranteed revenue** for his members
- Source: [The Sum and Substance](https://tsscolorado.com/advancing-ballot-initiative-seeks-boost-for-road-funding/)

### The Organizations

**Common Sense Institute (CSI)** — Published the ["Highway Detours" report](https://www.commonsenseinstituteus.org/colorado/research/infrastructure/highway-detours-the-ongoing-shift-of-transportation-dollars-) that provides the intellectual framework for Initiative 175. CSI is a [State Policy Network](https://spn.org/organization/common-sense-institute/) member, received $288K+ from Colorado Opportunity Foundation (Fields), and paid 76 Group (Penry) for "research and lobbying" — [disclosed as a conflict on its own tax filing](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/01/despite-claim-not-to-take-sides-common-sense-institute-accepts-funds-from-conservative-advocacy-group-and-pays-gop-consulting-firm-to-conduct-research/66741/) because Penry is married to CSI's former president.

**Club 20 / Club 20 Foundation** — Declared Initiative 175 their ["#1 priority" for 2026](https://club20foundation.org/2026/02/initiative-175-fixing-roads-without-a-tax-increase-a-win-for-colorado/). Co-founder Greg Walcher writes for Complete Colorado (Independence Institute) and sits on the [Heartland Institute advisory board](https://www.desmog.com/greg-walcher/).

**Blitz Canvassing** — Sister company of 76 Group (same owners: Penry and Pollard). Gathering signatures for Initiative 175. [Licensed petition entity #2025007](https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/petitionEntities/licensees.html). Reported 75% of required signatures collected as of 1/12/2026. Previously received [$9M+ from Elon Musk's America PAC](https://www.coloradopols.com/diary/207308/local-canvassing-firms-big-elon-musk-contract-takes-horror-show-turn) in 2024 and faced allegations of worker exploitation.

---

## The Dark Money Playbook

### 1. The Circular Validation Loop

This is the key pattern: Michael Fields controls Colorado Opportunity Foundation (the funder) -> which funds Advance Colorado (Fields' own advocacy org) -> which funds Common Sense Institute -> which pays 76 Group for "research" -> which runs the Initiative 175 campaign -> using CSI's report as intellectual justification. **The original donors remain anonymous at every step.**

### 2. One Man, 61 Ballot Initiatives

Michael Fields is listed as proponent on [61 of 87 ballot initiatives filed for the 2025-2026 cycle](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/11/advance-co-dominates-citizen-ballot-initiative-process/74597/). Five of those are transportation variants (#126, #162, #163, #174, #175). This is not grassroots civic engagement — it's an industrial-scale ballot initiative operation funded by anonymous donors.

### 3. $17.2 Million in Dark Money (2020 Cycle)

Advance Colorado Action (formerly Unite for Colorado) [spent $17.2 million in the 2020 election cycle](https://coloradosun.com/2021/12/22/unite-for-colorado-conservative-dark-money/). One unknown donor gave $9.7 million. The organization was [fined by the Secretary of State](https://www.cpr.org/2023/04/21/unite-for-colorado-secretary-of-state-legal-case/) for failing to register as an issue committee. Dustin Zvonek (now running Initiative 175 through 76 Group) was the executive manager at the time.

### 4. National Conservative Infrastructure

The [Bradley Impact Fund](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/08/the-redprint-how-advance-colorado-and-anonymous-donors-shape-the-political-landscape/72168/) ($114M in assets, aligned with Milwaukee's Bradley Foundation) gave $250K to Advance Colorado. Colorado GOP leader Chuck Bonniwell [publicly claimed](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2023/08/colorado-gop-leader-claims-phil-anschutz-funds-advance-colorado-a-conservative-activist-group/55321/) billionaire Phil Anschutz funds Advance Colorado — unconfirmed, but Anschutz owns the Denver Gazette and Colorado Springs Gazette, both of which have published supportive editorial content.

### 5. The Koch-to-76-Group Pipeline

Dustin Zvonek went from Koch's Americans for Prosperity -> Unite for Colorado ($17.2M dark money) -> 76 Group (running Initiative 175). This is a personnel pipeline from the Koch network into Colorado ballot initiative politics. Not confirmed as direct Koch funding to Initiative 175, but the operational playbook is unmistakable.

---

## This Is a National Playbook

Initiative 175 isn't a Colorado original. It follows a well-documented pattern:

- **ALEC's ["Statement of Principles on Road Transportation Financing"](https://alec.org/model-policy/alec-statement-of-principles-on-toll-roads/)** (2008, amended 2018) directly mirrors Initiative 175: highway "integrity," ending "diversion" to non-highway uses, user-pays model
- **31 states** already have constitutional transportation lockboxes. Initiative 175 goes further by capturing General Fund sales tax revenue that was **never dedicated to roads**
- **[PR Watch documented](https://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/10/12643/alec-meddles-wisconsin-constitution)** ALEC directly driving Wisconsin's constitutional lockbox amendment
- **Texas** Props 1 (2014) and 7 (2015) diverted revenue to roads-only — funded by highway contractors and the oil industry. Result: massive highway expansion, continued transit underfunding
- **Colorado 2018:** Proposition 109 ("Fix Our Damn Roads") used the exact same roads-only strategy. **Defeated 60%-40%.** Same interests, new packaging.

Source: [Eno Center for Transportation - "Unboxing Transportation Lockboxes"](https://enotrans.org/article/unboxing-transportation-lockboxes-at-the-ballot-box/)

---

## Who Wins, Who Loses

| Stakeholder | Impact | Magnitude |
|---|---|---|
| Highway construction contractors (CCA members) | **WIN** — constitutionally guaranteed ~$2B/yr | Enormous |
| Oil & gas industry | **WIN** — defunds EV infra, locks in car dependency | Large |
| Koch/AFP political network | **WIN** — constrains govt, advances ideology | Moderate |
| CDOT road programs | **WIN** — massive budget increase for roads | Large |
| County road departments | **MIXED** — more money but restricted to roads only | Moderate gain |
| Transit agencies (YVRTA, RTD, rural transit) | **LOSE** — state grants eliminated | Large |
| Bustang/Outrider riders | **LOSE** — service cuts likely | Large |
| General Fund (education, healthcare) | **LOSE** — $539M/yr shortfall | Enormous |
| Police training (P.O.S.T.) | **LOSE** — $6M/yr funding eliminated | Moderate |
| EMS/ambulance services | **LOSE** — $12.1M/yr grants eliminated | Large |
| Air quality / emissions programs | **LOSE** — testing defunded | Moderate |
| EV infrastructure | **LOSE** — grant fund eliminated | Moderate |
| Low-income / transit-dependent | **LOSE** — transit + General Fund cuts | Large |
| **Rural Colorado (net)** | **LOSE** — transit losses outweigh road gains; HUTF formula favors Front Range | Moderate-Large |

---

## Why Rural Colorado Gets the Worst of It

**"But won't more road money help rural areas?"** Here's why not:

**The HUTF formula favors the Front Range.** Highway Users Tax Fund distributions are based on lane-miles, vehicle registrations, and population. Those metrics favor Denver, Colorado Springs, and the I-25 corridor. Rural counties get a proportionally smaller share even with increased total funding. The big money goes to I-25, I-70, and Front Range capacity projects — not Highway 131 or Highway 50.

**Rural transit gets killed.** Bustang Outrider serves mountain communities — Steamboat Springs, Gunnison, Durango, Alamosa — with **no alternative intercity transit**. Bustang already faces a [$25M annual funding gap](https://www.cpr.org/2026/03/02/colorado-bustang-success-causes-budget-deficit/). Initiative 175 would eliminate the Multimodal Fund that helps support it, and constitutionally prohibit using road revenue for bus operations — even though buses literally use the roads.

**New transit authorities get undermined before they start.** YVRTA (Yampa Valley Regional Transportation Authority) was just approved by voters in November 2025. New transit authorities depend on state Multimodal Fund grants for startup — vehicle purchases, facilities, initial operations. Initiative 175 eliminates that fund. Rural communities that just voted to create transit systems would have that democratic choice undermined by a constitutional amendment pushed by Front Range interests.

**EV charging dies in rural areas.** The EV Grant Fund supports charging infrastructure deployment along rural corridors. Rural tourism economies depend on visitors being able to get there. Killing EV charging in mountain communities is short-sighted for economies that run on destination tourism.

**$539M/year from the General Fund affects everyone.** That money currently funds schools, healthcare, public safety, and human services. Rural communities — already underserved — feel General Fund cuts disproportionately.

---

## Legal Red Flags

The Legislative Council's own [Review and Comment Memorandum](https://leg.colorado.gov/initiative_files/1372/download) raised these unresolved problems:

1. **Internal contradiction:** The measure says spend funds "consistently with HUTF as provided in state law" — but HUTF currently funds things NOT in the measure's "road transportation" definition (CDOT salaries, equipment, supplies)
2. **Constitutional conflict:** Existing Article X, Section 18 allows "costs of administration" deductions. Initiative 175's definition doesn't include admin costs. Two sections of the same constitutional article would contradict each other.
3. **TABOR interaction:** If mandatory road spending prevents TABOR refunds, there's a legal conflict
4. **Excludes pedestrians and cyclists by definition:** Roads must be "designed and primarily used for motor vehicle use" — bike/ped infrastructure may not qualify even on road rights-of-way
5. **Administratively novel:** The 2/3 rule for motor vehicle parts taxes requires DOR tracking that doesn't currently exist

---

## Source Quality: What's Confirmed vs. What's Inferred

This matters. I'm not going to pretend everything here is equally solid.

| Claim | Evidence Level |
|---|---|
| CCA leads the coalition (Tony Milo quotes) | **Confirmed** — multiple news outlets |
| 76 Group designed/manages campaign | **Confirmed** — Denver7, CO Times Recorder, 76 Group website |
| Blitz Canvassing gathering signatures | **Confirmed** — SOS license, Ballotpedia |
| Advance Colorado filed 61/87 initiatives | **Confirmed** — CO Times Recorder, SOS records |
| COF funds Advance CO ($2.6M/yr) | **Confirmed** — tax filings per news reporting |
| CSI paid 76 Group for research/lobbying | **Confirmed** — CSI's own 2022 tax filing |
| Bradley Impact Fund gave $250K to Advance CO | **Confirmed** — tax filings per news reporting |
| Fiscal impact: $2.09B/yr | **Confirmed** — Legislative Council Staff analysis |
| Phil Anschutz funds Advance Colorado | **Reported** — single source (Chuck Bonniwell claim) |
| ALEC model legislation matches Init 175 | **Inferred** — policy text comparison |
| Koch network involvement | **Inferred** — personnel overlap (Zvonek) only |
| Donald Hanneman connected to Castle Rock Construction Co. | **Unverified** — possible relative found, not confirmed |

---

## What You Can Do

**If someone asks you to sign the petition:** Now you know who's behind it and why. Make your own decision, but make it with your eyes open.

**Verify this yourself:**
- [Initiative 175 official page (Colorado General Assembly)](https://leg.colorado.gov/initiatives/state-revenue-supporting-road-transportation-175)
- [Fiscal Impact Statement (PDF)](https://leg.colorado.gov/initiative_files/3095/download)
- [Colorado TRACER campaign finance database](https://tracer.sos.colorado.gov/PublicSite/homepage.aspx) — search for "Restore Our Roads"
- [Advance Colorado on ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer](https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/854192457)

**If it makes the ballot:** It requires a **55% supermajority** to pass (per Amendment 71). The Blue Book analysis will be published before the election — read it.

---

## All Sources

### Official Records
- [Colorado General Assembly — Initiative 175](https://leg.colorado.gov/initiatives/state-revenue-supporting-road-transportation-175)
- [Secretary of State — Title Board Results](https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Initiatives/titleBoard/results/2025-2026/175Results.html)
- [Text of Measure (PDF)](https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Initiatives/titleBoard/filings/2025-2026/175Final.pdf)
- [Fiscal Impact Statement (PDF)](https://leg.colorado.gov/initiative_files/3095/download)
- [Review and Comment Memorandum (PDF)](https://leg.colorado.gov/initiative_files/1372/download)

### Investigative Journalism
- [Colorado Times Recorder — "The Redprint: How Advance Colorado and Anonymous Donors Shape the Political Landscape"](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/08/the-redprint-how-advance-colorado-and-anonymous-donors-shape-the-political-landscape/72168/)
- [Colorado Sun — "Unite for Colorado" dark money investigation](https://coloradosun.com/2021/12/22/unite-for-colorado-conservative-dark-money/)
- [Colorado Times Recorder — Advance Colorado dominates ballot initiative process](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/11/advance-co-dominates-citizen-ballot-initiative-process/74597/)
- [DeSmog — Josh Penry and Kristin Strohm: Colorado's "first couple of fracking front groups"](https://www.desmog.com/2014/10/21/josh-penry-and-kristin-strohm-first-couple-colorado-fracking-front-groups/)
- [Colorado Times Recorder — CSI accepts funds from conservative advocacy, pays GOP consulting firm](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2025/01/despite-claim-not-to-take-sides-common-sense-institute-accepts-funds-from-conservative-advocacy-group-and-pays-gop-consulting-firm-to-conduct-research/66741/)

### News Coverage
- [Colorado Newsline — Proposed Colorado transportation measure would redirect funds from electrification to roads](https://coloradonewsline.com/2025/07/24/ballot-measure-would-road-maintenance/)
- [The Sum and Substance — Advancing ballot initiative seeks boost for road funding](https://tsscolorado.com/advancing-ballot-initiative-seeks-boost-for-road-funding/)
- [Sentinel Colorado — Initiative would redirect EV funds to roads](https://sentinelcolorado.com/metro/colorado-initiative-would-redirect-ev-funds-to-create-more-cash-for-roads/)
- [KOA Radio — Dustin Zvonek: "Government money for roads should be spent on roads"](https://koacolorado.iheart.com/featured/ross-kaminsky/content/2025-07-30-dustin-zvonek-talking-government-money-for-roads-should-be-spent-on-roads/)
- [CPR News — Bustang budget crisis](https://www.cpr.org/2026/03/02/colorado-bustang-success-causes-budget-deficit/)

### Network Research
- [ProPublica — Advance Colorado 990 filings](https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/854192457)
- [InfluenceWatch — Common Sense Institute](https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/common-sense-institute/)
- [F Minus — 76 Group client list](https://fminus.org/clients/76-group/)
- [Ballotpedia — Blitz Canvassing](https://ballotpedia.org/Blitz_Canvassing)
- [Colorado Times Recorder — Phil Anschutz funding claim](https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2023/08/colorado-gop-leader-claims-phil-anschutz-funds-advance-colorado-a-conservative-activist-group/55321/)
- [Ballotpedia — Dustin Zvonek](https://ballotpedia.org/Dustin_Zvonek)

### National Context
- [ALEC — Statement of Principles on Road Transportation Financing](https://alec.org/model-policy/alec-statement-of-principles-on-toll-roads/)
- [Eno Center for Transportation — Unboxing Transportation Lockboxes](https://enotrans.org/article/unboxing-transportation-lockboxes-at-the-ballot-box/)
- [PR Watch — ALEC Meddles with Wisconsin Constitution](https://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/10/12643/alec-meddles-wisconsin-constitution)

### Proponent Sources (included for completeness)
- [Restore Our Roads Colorado (campaign website)](https://www.restoreourroadsco.com/)
- [Club 20 Foundation — Initiative 175 analysis](https://club20foundation.org/2026/02/initiative-175-fixing-roads-without-a-tax-increase-a-win-for-colorado/)
- [Complete Colorado — Greg Walcher op-ed](https://completecolorado.com/2026/03/05/initiative-175-ensuring-highway-dollars-actually-go-to-roads/)

---

*Research compiled March 2026. All fiscal figures from Colorado Legislative Council Staff. Campaign finance records from Colorado Secretary of State where available. Source quality ratings noted throughout. If you find errors, please comment — I'll correct them with sources.*