Why Deep?
比較deep和shallow model
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- 比較有著一樣多參數的deep和shallow model,可以發現deep的performance較好
deep model比較好,為什麼?
1.情境1
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- 從圖中可以發現長頭髮的男生data比較少,造成detect長髮男的performance較差
2.情境2
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- 若是換個方式,把原來的問題切成比較小的問題,去learn一些classifiers去detect某種特徵地出現。
- 以上圖為例,雖然長髮男生少,但男生和女生的資料足夠多。雖然長髮男生少,但長髮和短髮的data是足夠多的。
3.Modularization 模組化
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- 每個classifier會去參考到basic classifier的結果
4.Deep與模組化
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- deep的第一層為最basic的classifier,而後的每層layer會把前一層當成input的module
- 而deep learning中做出模組化是machine自動學從data到的
- 當deep是模組化,把問題變簡單了,可以發現需要的train data是需要比較少的,因此deep learning並不是big data
語音
- deep learning在影像和語音上表現特別好
過去的HMM-GMM
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- 使用GMM描述分布的機率
- 問題:tri-phone太多了,每個state也都要用一個GMM描述(也有部分共用的方法)
- 沒有效的原因:所有的phone或state會被當作independent,但實際上它們之間是有相關性的,不是independent的
DNN(deep learning)
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- 所有state都共用一個DNN
- 能有效率的使用參數(由於發音的特性)
End-to-end Learning
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- 只給model input、output讓他自己學習每個步驟
- 當我們要處理一個很複雜的問題時,就可以使用deep learning,疊一個很深的network去做分工學習
圖像化比喻Deep learning
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