# R&D days IOT

## ProRail use case
Train wagon detection - Where are specific wagons located on the marshalling yard.


When trains move over the main tracks ProRail know where they are. The locomotive is broadcasting her position. Because of the train planning, they know which wagons are connected to which locomotive.

But when the wagons are disconnected and move to the marshalling yard they are no longer able to track the specific location (which track) of the wagon. They need to know the location at all times for managing/planning them but also for security because the wagons often contain dangerous goods.

Possible solution is to identify the wagon when it enters and leaves the marshalling yard and monitor which track it moves to/on.

**How to identify the wagon?**
Using the number on the side of the wagon:


- 33 RIV - type of wagon
- 80 - country of the owner of the wagon
- 7843 348-3 (fleet owner, wagon number, -3 = checksum number to validate the total ID nr)
- The rectangle shape on the left part may contain a hazard goods shield to indicate the contents of the wagon

**Ways to identify:**
- With (infrared) camera looking at the side of the wagons when they enter (or leave) the marshalling yard(rangeerterrein)
- IoT device to detect which train track (wissel) is open to see on what track the wagon is proceeding
- IoT device to detect and count wagon axels (to verify that the wagon has arrived)

**Biggest issues for ProRail currently**
- Latency of the IoT devices
- Package loss of the IoT devices
- Limited bandwidth for LoRa
- While the wagon identification numbers must be human-readably by law, they are not always readable. Covered in dirt, paint or worn out.

Image recognition / computer vision shouldn't be the biggest challenge since there are exisiting solutions for this goal specific (?).

**Resources for ProRail case**
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YULr3myNY_k

## Other use case ideas

- Municipalities (Potential clients: Gemeente Amsterdam, Haarlemmermeer)

- How many parking spots are available?
- Track amount of garbage that is in the (underground) container and notify someone when it's getting full
- Track noise nuisance (illegal car/motorcycle exhausts, fireworks)
- Status city lights (e.g. report when broken)

- Nature & Public areas (Potential clients: Staatsbosbeheer, Waternet, Municipalities)
- Monitor soil quality (oil leakage, chemicals)
- Monitor water quality (recreational areas such as lakes, beaches, parks)
- Monitor air quality (CO2, smog)
- Track noise nuisance (illegal partys, activities)

- Insurance (Potential client: NN)

- Rental companies, insurance companies: availability and geolocation of cars, materials, machines (https://www.boels.co.uk/)

- Public transport (Potential client: NS/ProRail)

- Monitor seat occupancy
- Noise nuisance, potential misbehaving passengers / situations

- Vehicles (Potential clients: Alphabet, DAF Trucks)

- Autonomous driving
- Vehicle to Vehicle communication (Car2X https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/stories/car2x-in-the-new-golf-a-technological-milestone-5919)
- Availability of electric car chargers in the city

- Healthcare (Potential client: Philips)

- Continuous body measurements (heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen)
- Patient monitoring within the hospital / at home by using smartwatches, sensors
- Elderly care: fall/movement detection

- Financial (Potential clients: Rabobank, ABN AMRO, ING)

- ATM monitoring (plofkraken)

- Emergency services (Potential client: Dutch Police, Municipalities/BOAs)

- Asset tracking (officers)
- Monitor potential dangerous situations (violence?)

- Construction sites (Potential client: ProRail)

- Tracking of assets, materials
- Site security: detect intruders, theft
- Monitor air quality (welding fumes, fire hazards, gas leaks)

- Events

- Track and guide visitor flows, queues/waiting times
- Stock management of bars/locations
- Occupancy rate sanitation facilities (cleaning required?)

## Resources

- https://docs.kpnthings.com/home/
- https://portal.kpnthings.com/
- https://www.iotacademy.nl/webshop/kit
- https://www.iotacademy.nl/en/products
- https://zakelijkforum.kpn.com/lora-forum-16/welcome-to-the-kpn-lora-forum-an-overview-11123
- https://lora-developers.semtech.com/