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tags: 組織行為
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# Ch12 Communication

## Describe the functions and process of communication

## Contrast downward, upward, and lateral communication through small-group networks and the grapevine
* dealing with gossips and rumors:
* share
* explain
* respond
* invite
## Contrast oral, written, and nonverbal communication

* oral communication:
* the primary means of conveying messages
* examples: meeting, telephone

* written communication

* nonverbal communication:
* defn: Includes body movements, the intonations or emphasis we give to words, facial expressions, and the physical distance between the sender and receiver
* Body language can convey status, level of engagement, and emotional state
## Describe how channel richness underlies the choice of communication channel
* routine messages:
* Choose oral communication when you need to gauge(測量) the receiver’s receptivity(接受度)
* Written communication is more reliable for complex and lengthy communications
## Differentiate between automatic and controlled processing of persuasive messages

* Automatic processing: a relatively superficial consideration of evidence and information
* Controlled processing: a detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures, and logic
## Identify common barriers to effective communication
* Barriers to Effective Communication
* Filtering
* Selective perception
* Information overload
* Emotions
* Language
* Silence
* Communication apprehension
* Lying
* 
* low context culture: 低語境文化，訊息依賴語言本身(直接)。high context culture則相反