# 第六章：加入文字

## 設定字型路徑
* ### 使用系統字型
* #### 程式碼

        font_path = pygame.font.match_font('arial')

* #### 語法介紹
* `pygame.font.match_font(font)`：回傳系統中某字型的路徑
* *arial* ：許多作業系統通用的「英文」字體
* ### 傳入字型檔案
* #### 下載字型
* [字型檔案](https://github.com/NTPUCSIE12-ChoCodeLate/NTPUCSIE_CAMP/blob/373d69cbbfa01804d5d66daa8fd3a888670fd917/font.ttf)
* 下載其他字型的 [網址](https://www.fonts.net.cn)
* #### 程式碼

        font_path = 'font.ttf'

## 定義 draw_text 函式
* ### 介紹
設定文字以及大小，將它畫在某個平面的指定位置上。
* ### 程式碼

    def draw_text(surf, text, size, x, y, color=WHITE):
        font = pygame.font.Font(font_path, size)
        text_surface = font.render(text, True, color)
        text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
        text_rect.center = (x, y)
        surf.blit(text_surface, text_rect)

* ### 語法介紹
* `pygame.font.Font(font_name, size)`：建立一個字體物件
* `font.render(text, antialias, color)`：按照給定的文字和顏色，渲染出一個圖片，*antialias* 可以讓文字變平滑。

## 顯示當前分數
* ### 記錄分數

    score = 0
    
    while running:
        ...
        
        # 球碰磚塊
        ...
        for brick, hit_balls in hits.items():
            ...
            score += 1    # 每打一個磚塊加一分

* ### 顯示分數

    while running:
        ...
        
        # 畫面顯示
        screen.blit(background_img, (0, 0))
        draw_text(screen, f"分數: {score}", 32, WIDTH // 2, 35)
        ...

註：`screen.blit(...)` 和 `draw_text(...)` 順序不能交換，否則圖片會蓋在文字上。

---
:::spoiler 完整程式碼

import pygame
import math
import random
import os

t = 1.5

FPS = 60
# 大小設定
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 700
BRICK_ROWS = 5
BRICK_COLS = 8
BRICK_MARGIN  = 70
BRICK_SPACING = 8
BRICK_WIDTH = (WIDTH - BRICK_MARGIN * 2) // BRICK_COLS - BRICK_SPACING
BRICK_HEIGHT = 45
BOARD_SIZE = (150, 30)
BALL_RADIUS = 15
# 顏色設定
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

# 遊戲初始化
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("打磚塊遊戲")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# 載入圖片
# 背景圖片
background_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('img', 'background.jpg')).convert()
background_img = pygame.transform.scale(background_img, (WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# 磚塊圖片
brick_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('img', 'chocolate.png')).convert()
brick_img = pygame.transform.scale(brick_img, (BRICK_WIDTH, BRICK_HEIGHT))
brick_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
# 板子圖片
board_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('img', 'wood.png')).convert()
board_img = pygame.transform.scale(board_img, BOARD_SIZE)
board_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
# 球圖片
ball_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('img', 'ball.png')).convert()
ball_img = pygame.transform.scale(ball_img, (BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2))
ball_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
# 視窗圖示
icon_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('img', 'icon.jpg')).convert()
pygame.display.set_icon(icon_img)

# 載入音效
hit_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join('sound', 'hit.wav'))

font_path = 'font.ttf'

def circle_rect_collision(rectangle, circle):
    cx, cy = circle.rect.center
    r = circle.radius
    rx, ry = rectangle.rect.topleft
    w, h = rectangle.rect.size
    # 找出最近點
    closest_x = max(rx, min(cx, rx + w))
    closest_y = max(ry, min(cy, ry + h))
    # 計算距離
    distance = math.sqrt((closest_x - cx) ** 2 + (closest_y - cy) ** 2)
    # 判斷碰撞
    return distance < r

def draw_text(surf, text, size, x, y, color=WHITE):
    font = pygame.font.Font(font_path, size)
    text_surface = font.render(text, True, color)
    text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
    text_rect.center = (x, y)
    surf.blit(text_surface, text_rect)

# 磚塊類別
class Brick(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = brick_img
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.topleft = x, y

# 板子類別
class Board(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, center):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = board_img
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = center
        self.speed = 10 * t
    
    def update(self):
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.rect.x -= self.speed
            if self.rect.left < 0:
                self.rect.left = 0
        if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.rect.x += self.speed
            if self.rect.right > WIDTH:
                self.rect.right = WIDTH

# 球類別
class Ball(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    speed = 7
    def __init__(self, angle, center):
        super().__init__()
        self.radius = BALL_RADIUS
        self.image = ball_img
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = center
        self.dx = Ball.speed * math.cos(angle)
        self.dy = -Ball.speed * math.sin(angle)
        self.speed_factor = 1.03

    def update(self):
        self.rect.x += self.dx
        self.rect.y += self.dy
        # 邊界反彈
        if self.rect.left < 0:
            self.rect.left = 0
            self.dx = -self.dx
        elif self.rect.right > WIDTH:
            self.rect.right = WIDTH
            self.dx = -self.dx
        if self.rect.top <= 0:
            self.rect.top = 0
            self.dy = -self.dy
        elif self.rect.top >= HEIGHT:
            self.kill()

    def hit_board(self, board_rect):
        # 計算角度
        max_angle = math.pi / 3
        offset = (self.rect.centerx - board_rect.centerx) / (board_rect.width / 2)
        angle = max_angle * offset
        # 計算 dx, dy
        self.dx = Ball.speed * math.sin(angle)
        self.dy = -Ball.speed * math.cos(angle)
    
    def hit_brick(self, brick_rect):
        hit_sound.play()
        # 加速
        self.dx *= self.speed_factor
        self.dy *= self.speed_factor
        Ball.speed *= self.speed_factor
        # 計算四個方向的重疊量
        overlap_left = abs(self.rect.right - brick_rect.left)
        overlap_right = abs(self.rect.left - brick_rect.right)
        overlap_top = abs(self.rect.bottom - brick_rect.top)
        overlap_bottom = abs(self.rect.top - brick_rect.bottom)
        min_overlap = min(overlap_left, overlap_right, overlap_top, overlap_bottom)
        # 判斷反彈方向
        if min_overlap == overlap_left and self.dx > 0:
            self.dx = -self.dx
        elif min_overlap == overlap_right and self.dx < 0:
            self.dx = -self.dx
        else:
            self.dy = -self.dy
        # 隨機產生新球
        if random.random() < 0.1:
            self.create_new_ball()
    
    def create_new_ball(self):
        new_ball = Ball(math.pi * 3 / 4, self.rect.center)
        balls.add(new_ball)
        all_sprites.add(new_ball)

# 初始宣告遊戲物件
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
# 板子
board = Board((WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT - 40 * t))
all_sprites.add(board)
# 球
balls = pygame.sprite.Group()
ball = Ball(math.pi / 4, (WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT - 100 * t))
balls.add(ball)
all_sprites.add(ball)
# 磚塊
bricks = pygame.sprite.Group()
for r in range(BRICK_ROWS):
    for c in range(BRICK_COLS):
        x = BRICK_MARGIN + c * (BRICK_WIDTH + BRICK_SPACING) + BRICK_SPACING / 2
        y = BRICK_MARGIN + r * (BRICK_HEIGHT + BRICK_SPACING)
        brick = Brick(x, y)
        bricks.add(brick)
all_sprites.add(bricks)

score = 0

# 主迴圈
running = True
while running:
    clock.tick(FPS)
    # 輸入處理
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    # 更新遊戲
    all_sprites.update()

    # 球碰板子
    hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(board, balls, False, circle_rect_collision)
    for ball in hits:
        ball.hit_board(board.rect)
    # 球碰磚塊
    hits = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bricks, balls, True, False, circle_rect_collision)
    for brick, hit_balls in hits.items():
        hit_balls[0].hit_brick(brick.rect)
        score += 1
    
    # 畫面顯示
    screen.blit(background_img, (0, 0))
    draw_text(screen, f"分數: {score}", 32, WIDTH // 2, 35)
    all_sprites.draw(screen)
    pygame.display.update()

pygame.quit()

:::