# Git Commands - Task

## git init
This command is used to create an empty git repository or to initialize and existing repository.

git init

## git add
This command is used to add the files or folders into the staging area.

**To add a file to staging area:**

git add <filename>

**To add all files or folders in the currect directory**

git add .

## git status
This command is used to view the status of the repository and the files or folders that are present in the staging area.
This show the list of files that are tracked and untracked.

git status

**To just view the list of files that are changed**

git status --short

## git config
This command is used to configure the username and email of the person working on the local repository.

**To configure username**

git config --global user.name = <name>

**To configure email**

git config --global user.email = <email>

## git commit

This command is used to commit the changes that are made. Commit will fetch the changes available in the staging area.
Commit command will create a snapshot of the repository.
Each and every commit will have a commit message and a commit-id. Commit message is given by the user and commit-id is generate using SHA algorithm.

git commit -m <commit-message>

**To add and commit at once**

git commit -a

## git log

This command is used to get the total history of the repository.
It provides the list of all the commits and for each commit it provides the username, date of commit, commit title and commit-hash.

git log

**To get each commit details in oneline**

git log --oneline

**To get the list of files modified and no. of lines modified in each commit**

git log --stat

**To get the list of files modified and also the location of the lines removed of added in the file**

git log --patch

**To get the graph of the commits made**
Each node of graph represents a commit

git log --graph

-------------------------

git log --graph --oneline

**To view last 'n' (n is a number) commit details**

git log -n

## git diff
This command is used to view the difference between the files in the one commit and another commit.

**To view the changed before adding files to staging area**

git diff

**To view the change between two different commits**

git diff <commit1-hashkey> <commit2-hashkey>

**To view the change between two different branches**

git diff <branch1-name> <branch2-name>

## git branch

This command is used for creating a new branch. In git branch are used for independent development of any particular feature. The default branch in git is master branch. Any number of branches can be made from master branch or any other branch.

**To create a new branch**

git branch <branch-name>

**To list the existing branch names**

git branch

**To delete a local branch**
The branch gets deleted only if it is merged:

git branch -d <branch-name>

The branch gets deleted even if it not merged:

git branch -D <branch-name>

**To restore the deleted branch**

git checkout -b <branch_name> <hashkey>

## git checkout

This command is used to switch from one branch to another branch.

git checkout <branch-name>

## git merge
This command is used to merge the another branch with the current branch. The code present in the current branch and merged branch will be merged.

git merge <branch-name>

## git clone
This command is used to download the remote repository to the local system.

git clone <remote-repo-url>

**To clone a specific branch from the remote repo**

git clone -b <branch-name> <remote-repo-url>

## git remote
This command is used add the URLs of the remote repositories.

git remote add <remote-url-name> <url of remote repo>

Ex: git remote add origin https://github.com/Hemanthghs/gRPC-Protobuf-with-Golang.git

## git push
This command is used to push a specific branch from the local repository to the remote repository

**To push the local changes to remote repo**

git push <remote-url-name> <branch-name>

Ex: git push origin main

**To list the remote URLs**

git remote -v

**To edit the existing remote url**

git remote set-url <remote-url-name> <new url>

## git fetch
This command will download the changes from the remote repository to the local repository. This will get the updates that are made to the remote repository into the local repository. This will only download the change and does not merge the changes.

**To fetch a remote repo**

git fetch <remote-url>

**To fetch a specific remote branch**

git fetch <remote-url> <branch-name>

**To fetch all branches**

git fetch -all

## git pull
This command is combination of git fetch and git merge commands.
git pull = git fetch + git merge
This command will download the changes from the remote repository to the local repo and will merge the change with the local branch. There is a chances for merge conflicts.

git pull

## git stash
This command is used to switch the branch without making a commit.

**To add stash the changes**

git stash

**To get back the changes**

git stash apply

**To remove all the stashes **

git stash clear

**To remove most recent stash**

git stash drop

## git revert
This command is used to undo the changes made by a particular commit. Revert will undo the changes but it will not delete the changes from the repo, instead it will create a new commit for the each revert operation.

git revert <commit-id>

## git reset
This command is used to undo the changes. This will reset the current state of the HEAD to any specific state.

git reset <commit id>

## git rm
This is used to delete a file or files from the repository.

git rm <file-name>

The changes made by rm command are not permanent they can be reverted back.

**To revert the rm command**

git reset --hard

## git rm --cached
This command is used to delete the file form git, but to preserve the file in the local system

git rm --cached

## git rebase
This command is used to change the base of the branch from https://hackmd.io/InPw2IiCTI-CYTubzJx7VQ?both#one commit to another commit. All the changes that are made in the base branch will be reflected in the current branch.

git rebase <base-branch-name>

## git squash
Squash is the technique that is used to group the multiple commits into a single commit.

**To group last 5 commits into single commit**

git rebase -i HEAD~5

Next in the interactive editor change the **pick** keyword to **squash** and save it.
In the next editor write a single commit message.

## git tag
This command is used to tag a commit and tag can be refered in future. A branch can have any number of tags. Tags can be names of the versions.

**To create a tag**

git tag <tag-name>

**To list the tag names**

git tag

**To view the the repository at a particular tag**

git show <tag-name>

**To push a specific tag to remote repo**

git push origin <tag-name>