# Git Tutorial Overview
###### tags: `tutorials`
> For those who only know `git add` `git commit` `git push`
## Git config setup
## Basic concept
### `git log` usage
```bash=
$ git log --author="acebenson0704"
$ git log --grep="add" # commit message contains "add"
$ git log -S "content" # commit file content conains "content"
$ git log --since="9am" --until="12am"
$ git log --oneline
$ git log --graph
$ git log --all
```
### Rename, delete, edit files
#### `git mv <file>`
```bash=
$ mv <file>
$ git add <file>
```
#### `git rm <file>`
```bash=
$ rm <file>
$ git add <file>
```
#### `git rm --cached <file>`
Only remove `<file>` from git, the file still retains in folder
```bash=
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
deleted: <file>
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
<file>
```
#### `git restore <file>`
Discard changes in working directory, old version use `checkout`
```bash=
$ git checkout <file>
$ git checkout -- <file>
```
:::info
why checkout work?
```bash=
git checkout <commit> <file>
```
update current `<file>` with `<commit>` version (checkout that version to here)
:::
#### `git restore --staged <file>`
Unstage (staging area -> working directory), or using `reset`
```bash=
$ git reset HEAD -- <file>
```
:::info
why reset work?
* --mixed(default): retain in working directory
* --soft: retain in staging area
* --hard: discard
`reset` is more like **go to**
:::
:::success
The difference between `git checkout` and `git reset`
> `checkout` only change HEAD
> `reset` change HEAD and branch
:::
## Commit
### Edit last commit
revise message
```bash=
$ git commit --amend -m "New Message"
```
add file to last commit
```bash=
$ git add <file>
$ git commit --amend --no-edit # no edit message
```
> Create a new commit object (new SHA value)
## Files in `.git` folder
### Objects: Blob, Tree, Commit Tag
> example folder structure
```
/
│ README.md
│ index.html
└───public
│ image1.png
└───image2.png
```
```graphviz
digraph gitfiles {
Blob1 [label="Blob1|image1.png" ,fillcolor=brown1, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Blob2 [label="Blob2|index.css" ,fillcolor=brown1, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Blob3 [label="Blob3|index.js" ,fillcolor=brown1, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Tree1 [label="Tree1|public/" ,fillcolor=darkgoldenrod1, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Tree2 [label="Tree2|/" ,fillcolor=darkgoldenrod1, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Tree3 [label="Tree3|/" ,fillcolor=darkgoldenrod1, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Commit1 [label="Commit1" ,fillcolor=darkgreen, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Commit2 [label="Commit2" ,fillcolor=darkgreen, fontcolor=White, fontsize=24, shape=Mrecord, style=filled]
Commit2->{Tree3}
Commit1->Tree2
Tree1->Blob1
Tree1->Blob2
Tree2->Tree1
Tree2->Blob3
{rank=same; Commit2 Commit1}
{rank=same; Blob1 Blob2 Blob3}
}
```
{"metaMigratedAt":"2023-06-16T22:11:55.699Z","metaMigratedFrom":"Content","title":"Git Tutorial Overview","breaks":true,"contributors":"[{\"id\":\"29bcc883-2696-4c4a-b9b9-4f5f52c23449\",\"add\":5506,\"del\":2281}]"}