# Report _Prepared by Madina Gafarova SE-01_ ## Lab 10 **Q1: What is a stratum in terms of NTP?** In terms of NTP, a stratum is simply one layer in a hierarchical network of layers that distribute accurate time across a network of devices. **Q2: Provide the output of ntpq -p command and describe the meaning of the following fields: remote, refid, st, t, when, poll, reach, delay, offset, and jitter** Screenshot from the command: ``` ntpq -p ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/cbaQeHE.png) I have macOS and for conveniences launch addition instance on AWS. **remote:** details the NTP servers we’re connected to **refied:** remote source’s synchronization source. The server is ultimately getting its time from 192.36.143.130 **st:** stratum level of the source (refers to a server’s stratum, which refers to how close the server is from us) **t:** types available, specifically whether the server is using unicast, broadcast, multicast, or manycast **when:** refers to how long ago it was since the last time the server was polled. **poll:** indicates how often the server will be polled **reach:** indicates success/failure to reach source **delay:** indicates the roundtrip time, in milliseconds, to receive a reply **offset:** indicates the time difference **jitter:** indicates the difference, in milliseconds, between two samples **Q3: What are the lacks of using the Lamport’s algorithm?** Lamport timestamp have one big shortcoming: it can’t tell you when two events are concurrent. Because the algorithm provides only partial order. **Github** https://github.com/gafmn/Clock-Synchronization