高中英文文法大補帖-Ch3

# Ch3-被動語態 ## Introdution 1. 主動語態改被動語態口訣: 「主動被動，主受對調」 #### 記得這口訣，被動語句輕鬆拿捏。 2. 被動語態的使用，通常是為了強化受詞描述，弱化主詞在一文句中的地位。 3. 須注意，並非所有動詞皆可以改為被動語態，像是「不及物動詞」就不可使用被動語態。 4. 有時候 by who or by what 不是那麼重要，故可省略，「時間點」反而大多時候是重點。 ## 各語句改被動語態 ### 簡單式的被動語態 #### 現在簡單式被動: S + am/are/is + p.p. #### 過去簡單式被動: S + was/were + p.p. #### 過去簡單式被動: S + will + be + p.p. * Examples * 主動 ``` 1. Many countries speak English. ``` ``` 2. Someone robbed the bank. ``` * 被動 ``` 1. English is sopken by many countries. ``` ``` 2. The bank was robbed by someone. ``` ### 進行式的被動語態 #### 現在進行式被動: S + am/are/is + being + p.p. #### 過去進行式被動: S + was/were + being + p.p. * Examples * 主動 ``` 1. Our teacher was playing movie at 2 last afternoon. ``` ``` 2. The police is investigating a bank rubbery. ``` * 被動 ``` 1. A moive was being played by our teacher at 2 last afternoon. ``` ``` 2. A bank rubbery is being investigated by the police. ``` ### 完成式的被動語態 #### 現在完成式被動: S + has/have + been + p.p. #### 過去完成式被動: S + had + been + p.p. #### 未來完成式被動: S + will + have + been + p.p. * Examples * 主動 ``` 1. I haven't found my missing purse yet. ``` ``` 2. The author will have published the book by the end of this year. ``` * 被動 ``` 1. My missing purse hasn't being found yet. ``` ``` 2. The book will have been published by the end of this year. ``` ### 助動詞的被動語態 #### 助動詞 + be + p.p. * 常見的助動詞 * [助動詞](https://tw.amazingtalker.com/blog/zh-tw/zh-eng/81790/)，後續章節會有更深的介紹。 * Examples * 主動 ``` 1. You must lock the door before you leave the house. ``` ``` 2. The house owner should repaint the building. ``` * 被動 ``` 1. The door must be locked before you leave. ``` ``` 2. The building should be repainted. ``` ### 不定詞與動名詞的被動 #### 不定詞: to be + p.p. #### 動名詞: being + p.p. * 某些片語、介係詞及動詞的組合 * 片語，如 "look forward to"、 "in addition to"，須將其後的動詞改為動名詞。 * 介係詞，如 "of"、 "in"、 "with"... 以及特定動詞，如 "enjoy"、 "finish"、 "practice"... 須將其後改為動名詞。 * Examples * 片語 ``` I was looking forward to being invited to the party. ``` * 介係詞 ``` The thief is afraid of being arrested all the time. ``` * 特定動詞 ``` The idol enjoys being praised by her fans. ``` ### 感官動詞 #### 感官動詞: S + be + 感官動詞p.p. + to VR/Ving * 感官動詞受詞補語為VR時 * 改成被動語句後變成to VR。 * 感官動詞受詞補語為Ving時 * 改成被動語態後仍維持Ving。 * Examples * 主動 * 受詞補語為VR ``` I saw Tom help an old man crossing the road. ``` * 受詞補語為Ving ``` The passenger heard the baby crying on the whole flght. ``` * 被動 * 受詞補語為VR ``` Tom was seen to help an old man crossing the road. ``` * 受詞補語為Ving ``` The baby was heard crying on the whole flight. ``` ### 使役動詞 #### S + have/make + O + p.p. #### S + be made + to + VR #### (S) + let + O + be + p.p. * Examples * have/make ``` The teacher made the students wash their hands before having lunch. ``` * let ``` I always lets the door be locked all the time. ```