# What I Learned This Week (Engineering & Blockchain Concepts) # This week I learned some simple but important concepts in engineering and blockchain These ideas help when building apps websites and Web3 platforms **Engineering Concepts** ***1. Roundtrip*** This is the time it takes for a request to leave your device go to the server and come back with a response Like when you send a message and it shows “delivered” that’s roundtrip ***2. Scaling*** Scaling helps a system handle more users Vertical Scaling – Add more power like RAM or CPU to one server Horizontal Scaling – Add more servers to share the work Horizontal is better for big apps ***3. Latency*** This is the small delay before something responds If you click and it takes time to load that’s latency Low latency means faster experience ***4. Throughput*** This means how much work or data a system can process in one second Higher throughput means better performance ***5. Distributed System*** This is when many computers work together as one system If one fails the rest still continue It helps with speed and stability **Blockchain Concepts** ***1. Blockchain*** Blockchain is a public record system that stores info in blocks and links them It’s open secure and can’t be changed once stored ***2. Nekamoto Coefficient*** This shows how decentralized a blockchain is The higher the number the harder it is for one person or group to take control ***3. Blockchain Trilemma*** Blockchains try to balance 3 things * Security * Scalability * Decentralization But it’s hard to get all 3 perfect at the same time ***4. Blockchain Throughput*** This is how many transactions the blockchain can handle per second Faster blockchains have higher throughput ***5. Ether Denominations*** Ether (ETH) has smaller parts like * Wei * Gwei (used for gas) * Ether (main one) | Wei | Equivalent in ETH | | - | - | | 1 wei | 0.000000000000000001 ETH | | 1 gwei (gigawei) | 1,000,000,000 wei = 0.000000001 ETH | | 1 ETH | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 wei | This helps when sending big or small amounts.