# SPARQL 語法教學
作者: 朱庭宏
## SELECT (查詢)

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel WHERE { } # ?後塞欄位名稱 若要顯示其標籤需加Label 


## AS (代名)

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel (?itemLabel AS ?標籤) WHERE { } # AS後面仍需加變數


### 注意:
若是直接寫這樣他屬性的欄位會是空值

SELECT ?item (?itemLabel AS ?標籤) WHERE {
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],zh".}
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q207694.
}


應修該為下:

SELECT ?item (?itemLabel AS ?標籤) WHERE {
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],zh". ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel. }
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q207694.
}


## WHERE (條件)
在```SERVICE wikibase:label```中```bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],zh".```子句再設定Label的語言，```?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel.```子句則是將```?itemLabel```變數參照到```?item```變數的標籤值

## ORDER (排序)

SELECT ?item (?itemLabel AS ?標籤) WHERE {
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],zh". ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel. }
?item wdt:P31 wd:Q207694.
} ORDER BY ASC(?item) # ASC為遞增，DESC為遞減

![](https://i.imgur.com/2tNFaDf.png)

## LIMIT (比數限制)

SELECT ?item (?itemLabel AS ?標籤) WHERE {
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],zh". ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel. }
?item wdt:P31 wd:Q207694.
} ORDER BY ASC(?標籤)
LIMIT 100 # 僅顯示100筆紀錄

![](https://i.imgur.com/41YzYeh.png)

## DISTINCT (去除重複)

SELECT DISTINCT ?item (?itemLabel AS ?標籤) WHERE {
SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],zh". ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel. }
?item wdt:P31 wd:Q207694.
} ORDER BY ASC(?標籤)
LIMIT 100

## 查詢出生年月日
![](https://i.imgur.com/OyNJCgs.png)