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# HOWTO - Top useful Linux commands you should know

:::info
**Objectives**
* Daily hands-on useful commands
* Useful commands by categories or alphabet
* Best practices for top useful commands
:::

## Commands - (Temporary...)
### Other important
- **curl** -
- **man** -

### Archives and catalogues
- **pwd** - display current directory
- **cd** - transform Work Path
``cd (back to user directory)``
``cd .. (dack to last directory)``
``cd dir_location (to target directory)``
- **ls** - display archive name and content
``ls -l (list files in detail)``
- **cat** -

###

## Alphabet

* **cat** - concatenate files and print the single file's contents to the terminal
* **cd** - change directory
* **chmod** - change file mode bits
* ``chmod 777 aaa.c``
* **chown** - change file owner and group
* ``chown swae:swae /home/swae``
* **cp** - copy files and directories
* ``cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bak``
* **find** - search for files in a directory hierarchy
* ````
* **grep** - print lines that match patterns
* ````
* **ls** - list directory contents
* ``ls -l``
* **mkdir** - make directories
* ``mkdir /home/swae/workspace``
* **mv** - move (rename) files
* ````
* **pwd** - print working directory
* **rm** - remove files or directories
* ``rm -f /tmp/*``
* **touch** - create a file without any content

## Categories

* navagation
*pwd (目前你所在位置)
*ls(列出所在資料夾檔案)
*ls -a列出所在資料夾檔案(包含隱藏檔案)
*ls -l列出所在資料夾檔案(詳細資訊)
*ls -la列出所在資料夾檔案(詳細資訊+隱藏檔)
*man 檢查指令(出現-bash)
*cd (進入別的指令)
*mkdir + 檔案名稱(建立資料夾)
*cat + 檔案名稱(印出檔案內容)
*touch 資料夾名稱/檔案名稱(資料夾裡創一個檔案)
*echo "匯入檔案" > 資料夾名稱/檔案名稱 (匯入檔案，出現-bash)
*cp 來源檔案 目的檔案(複製檔案)
*cp -r 來源檔案 目的檔案(複製資料夾)
*rm 來源檔案(刪除檔案)
*rm -r來源資料夾 (刪除資料夾)
*rm -rf來源(強制刪除，跳過確認訊息)
*mv 原路徑 新路徑(剪下貼上)
*mv 原檔名 新檔名(重新命名)
*vim 記事本(出現-bash)**install vim**
*ctrl +r (往前搜尋指令)
* Package manager
*sudo apt update
*sudo apt upgrade
*sudo apt full-upgrade

*apt search 套件名稱 (查詢套件名稱)
*sudo apt install 套件名稱(下載套件名稱）
*sudo apt remove 套件名稱(移除套件但保留設定檔)
*sudo apt purge 套件名稱(完全移除套件)
*sudo apt autormove (移除不再需要的套件)
*dpkg -l(列出所有已安裝的套件,出現-bash)

## References

## Directory Operation
* **pwd** - print working directory
* **mkdir** - make directories
* ``mkdir /home/swae/workspace``
* **cd** - change directory
* **ls** - list files
* ``ls -a列出所在資料夾檔案(包含隱藏檔案)``
* ``ls -l列出所在資料夾檔案(詳細資訊)``
* ``ls -la列出所在資料夾檔案(詳細資訊+隱藏檔)``
## File Operation
* **touch** - create a file without any content
* **cat** - concatenate files and print the single file's contents to the terminal
* **cp** - copy files and directories
* ``cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bak``
* ``*cp -r 來源檔案 目的檔案(複製資料夾)``
* **mv** - move (rename) files
* ``*mv 原路徑 新路徑(剪下貼上)
*mv 原檔名 新檔名(重新命名)``
* **rm** - remove files or directories
* ``rm -f /tmp/*``
* ``rm -r來源資料夾 (刪除資料夾)``
* ``rm -rf來源(強制刪除，跳過確認訊息)``

## File Permissions
* **chmod** - change file mode bits
* ``chmod 777 aaa.c``
* **chown** - change file owner and group
* ``chown swae:swae /home/swae``
## Seach Files
* **find** - search for files in a directory hierarchy
* **grep** - print lines that match patterns
## Package manager
* **步驟**-
``1.sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade``
``2.sudo apt full-upgrade``
``3.*apt search 套件名稱 (查詢套件名稱)``
``4.sudo apt install 套件名稱(下載套件名稱)``
*sudo apt remove 套件名稱(移除套件但保留設定檔)
*sudo apt purge 套件名稱(完全移除套件)
*sudo apt autormove (移除不再需要的套件)
## Bash Conmands
* **man** - 檢查指令(出現-bash)
* **echo** - "匯入檔案" > 資料夾名稱/檔案名稱
* (匯入檔案，出現-bash)
* **vim** - 記事本(出現-bash)
*ctrl +r (往前搜尋指令)
* **dpkg -l** -列出所有已安裝的套件(出現-bash)