# 雅思寫作筆記
共60分鐘
## Task 1
150 words
### 模板

---

#### 適用： 線圖 (Line Graph)、柱狀圖 (Bar Chart)、表格 (Table) —— 當橫軸是年份/時間時。

**1. Introduction (改寫題目)**
The [chart/graph/table] illustrates the changes in [主題, e.g., the unemployment rate] in [地點] from [年份] to [年份]. (這張圖表展示了...從...到...的變化。)
**2. Overview (總結趨勢，不寫數字)**
Overall, it is evident that the figure for [項目A] experienced an upward trend, while [項目B] saw a decline over the period. Additionally, [項目A] remained the highest/lowest throughout the timeframe. (總體而言，項目A呈現上升趨勢，而項目B則下降。此外，項目A在整個時期保持最高/最低。)
**3. Body Paragraph 1 (描述主要/上升趨勢)**
In terms of the specific figures/Regarding the specific figures, [項目A] started at [數字] in [第一年]. It then rose significantly/gradually to [數字] in [中間年份], before reaching a peak of [數字] in [最後一年]. (看細節，項目A開始於...然後顯著/逐漸上升至...最後達到高峰...)
**4. Body Paragraph 2 (描述對比/下降趨勢)**
In contrast, the trend for [項目B] was quite different. It began at [數字] and fluctuated slightly around this level until [年份], after which it dropped sharply to a low of [數字]. (相比之下，項目B的趨勢截然不同。它開始於...並輕微波動，隨後急劇下降至低點...)
#### 雅思 Task 1 動態數據圖：趨勢動詞百寶箱

> **💡 使用指南：**
> 1. **高分動詞** 適用於描述顯著或劇烈的變化 (e.g., 股價暴漲、人口暴跌)。
> 2. **名詞形式** 適用於 "There was a [surge] in the figure for..." 的句型。

| 趨勢 (Trend) | 普通動詞 (Common Verbs) | 高分動詞 (強烈 Verbs) | 名詞形式 (Nouns) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **上升 ↗** | increase, rise, grow, climb | **surge, soar, rocket, skyrocket** | an increase, a rise, a growth, **a surge** |
| **下降 ↘** | decrease, fall, drop, decline | **plummet, plunge, collapse** | a decrease, a fall, a drop, **a decline** |
| **回升 ⤴** | recover, increase again | **rebound, bounce back, rally** | **a recovery, a rebound** |
| **平穩 →** | remain stable, stay constant | **level off, plateau, stabilize** | a period of stability, **a plateau** |
| **盤旋/接近** | **hover around**, remain near | **stay around the... mark** | **a marginal variation** |
| **波動 〰** | fluctuate, vary | **vary wildly, fluctuate significantly** | a fluctuation, **variations** |
| **最高點 Ʌ** | peak at, reach a peak of | **climax at, hit a high of** | a peak of, **a high point** |
| **最低點 V** | hit a low of, fall to | **bottom out at** | **the lowest point of** |

#### 1. 基本語意
* **Toward / Towards:** 朝向...、接近... (表示一種趨勢的指向)。

#### 2. 常用句型與搭配 (Common Collocations)
* **Recovering toward the end of the period**
* *意思：* 在這段期間快結束時，數據呈現回升趨勢。
* *用法：* 強調從低點開始往上爬的「過程」。
* **Trending toward a peak**
* *意思：* 趨向頂峰。
* **Stabilizing toward the end of 2014**
* *意思：* 到了 2014 年底，數據趨於穩定。

#### 📉 雅思 Task 1 趨勢形容詞與副詞百寶箱 (Trend Modifiers)

> **💡 核心語法公式：**
> 1. **動詞 + 副詞 (Verb + Adverb):** The figure **rose dramatically**.
> 2. **形容詞 + 名詞 (Adjective + Noun):** There was a **dramatic rise** in the figure.

#### 一、大幅度 / 劇烈變化 (Big & Fast Changes)
*適用於：線條非常陡峭，變化非常明顯的情況。*

| 形容詞 (Adjective) | 副詞 (Adverb) | 中文語境 | 範例 (Example) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Dramatic** | **Dramatically** | 戲劇性的；巨大的 | The number **increased dramatically**. |
| **Sharp** | **Sharply** | 銳利的；急劇的 | There was a **sharp drop** in prices. |
| **Steep** | **Steeply** | 陡峭的 (視覺上) | The trend line **fell steeply**. |
| **Rapid** | **Rapidly** | 快速的 (強調速度) | Growth was **rapid** in the first year. |
| **Significant** | **Significantly** | 顯著的；重要的 | A **significant increase** was observed. |
| **Substantial** | **Substantially** | 可觀的；大量的 | The cost rose **substantially**. |
| **Considerable** | **Considerably** | 相當大的 | The rate dropped **considerably**. |
| **monumental** | **monumentally** | 相當大的 | The rate dropped **monumentally**. |
#### 二、中幅度 / 穩定變化 (Moderate & Steady Changes)
*適用於：線條平滑上升或下降，沒有突然的波動。*

| 形容詞 (Adjective) | 副詞 (Adverb) | 中文語境 | 範例 (Example) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Steady** | **Steadily** | 穩定的；持續的 | The figure **grew steadily**. |
| **Gradual** | **Gradually** | 逐漸的；平緩的 | There was a **gradual decline**. |
| **Moderate** | **Moderately** | 適度的；溫和的 | Sales increased **moderately**. |
| **Consistent** | **Consistently** | 一貫的；始終如一的 | The population **rose consistently**. |

#### 三、小幅度 / 微弱變化 (Small & Slow Changes)
*適用於：線條幾乎是平的，或者變化微不足道。*

| 形容詞 (Adjective) | 副詞 (Adverb) | 中文語境 | 範例 (Example) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Slight** | **Slightly** | 輕微的 | The number **fell slightly**. |
| **Marginal** | **Marginally** | 邊緣的；微小的 | There was a **marginal growth**. |
| **Modest** | **Modestly** | 些許的；適度的 | A **modest increase** was seen. |
| **Minimal** | **Minimally** | 極小的；最低限度的 | The changes were **minimal**. |
| **Negligible** | (常用 Adj.) | 微不足道的 (可忽略) | The difference was **negligible**. |
#### 數據描述必備介系詞 (Prepositions)

| 介系詞 | 用法 | 範例 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **In** | 具體的時間點 | The rate peaked **in** 2040. |
| **By** | 到某個時間點為止的結果 | The figure had dropped **by** 2010. |
| **To** | 到達某個數值 (終點) | It rose **to** 80%. |
| **By** | 增加/減少的幅度 (差額) | The percentage increased **by** 10%. |
| **At** | 起始點或固定點的數值 | It stood **at** 30% in 1970. |
---

#### 🎯 實戰替換練習

* **普通句：** The number of participants **increased a lot**.
* **高分句 (Lv.1):** The number of participants **increased dramatically**.
* **高分句 (Lv.2):** There was a **sharp rise** in the number of participants.
* **高分句 (Lv.3):** The number of participants **witnessed a significant surge**.
---
#### 當你想描述「先穩定增加，後來變快」這種複合趨勢時：
- **Structure:** `[Subject] + [Verb 1] + before + [V-ing 2]`
- **Example:** "The rate **rose steadily** before **undergoing a more rapid growth**."
- **Alternative:** "The figure **grew marginally** before **accelerating** after [year]."
---
#### 描述未來數據：Projected 的用法

當圖表包含未來時間（如 2040 年）時，不能用過去式，必須使用預測性詞彙。

#### 推薦句型
- **Subject + is projected to + V:** `Malaysia is projected to exceed 80%.`
- **It is projected that + Clause:** `It is projected that the percentage will rise.`
- **Projected (形容詞):** `The projected figure for 2040 is 60%.`

---
#### 適用： 餅圖 (Pie Chart)、柱狀圖 (Bar Chart) —— 只有一個時間點，或者沒有時間。重點在於「比較大小」。

**1. Introduction**
The [chart] compares the proportion of [主題] in [幾個類別/國家] in the year [年份].
**2. Overview (總結極值)**
Overall, it is clear that [類別A] accounted for the largest share, whereas [類別B] made up the smallest percentage.
**3. Body Paragraph 1 (描述數值大的組別)**
In terms of [類別A]/Regarding the specific figures, it ranked first with [數字]%. This was followed by [類別C], which represented [數字]% of the total. Together, these two categories comprised over half of the total. (就A而言，它排名第一...緊隨其後的是C...這兩者加起來超過了總數的一半。)
**4. Body Paragraph 2 (描述數值小的組別)**
Turning to the remaining categories, the figures were significantly lower. [類別D] stood at [數字]%, which was nearly twice as high as that of [類別B] ([數字]%). (轉向其餘類別，數據顯著較低。D是...幾乎是B的兩倍。)
#### 圓餅圖概述
the breakdown of [主題] by [藉由甚麼區分]
#### 雅思 Task 1 靜態數據圖：比較與佔比詞彙

> **💡 核心原則：** 靜態圖重點不在趨勢，而在於用多種方式描述**誰最大、誰最小、誰是誰的幾倍**。

> **關鍵區分：**
> - **百分比 (%)**：使用 `account for`, `make up`, `constitute`
> - **具體數值 (#)**：使用 `standing at`, `registering`, `reaching`

| 類型 (Type) | 詞彙/句型 (Lexicon / Phrases) | 範例 (Example Sentence) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **1. 佔比動詞** | **account for, make up, constitute, comprise, represent** | The elderly **accounted for** 30% of the population. |
| **2. 數值呈現** | **standing at, registering at, recording** | The number of ballet students **stood at** 600 in the younger group. |
| **3. 變化與達到** | **reaching, peaking at, hitting** | Modern dance enrollment **reached** over 500 in the older category. |
| **4. 最大佔比** | - The largest proportion/share was...<br>- **Ranked first,** was...<br>- **The overwhelming majority** / **The bulk of** | **Ranked first,** housing costs **constituted** the largest portion. |
| **5. 最小佔比** | - The smallest segment was...<br>- **The figure for**... was the lowest/smallest. | **The figure for** leisure activities **was the lowest**, at 5%. |
| **6. 描述比例** | - almost/nearly **a third**<br>- **just over/under** a quarter<br>- **roughly** half | **Nearly a third** of the students chose science. |
| **7. 比例比較 (相等)** | - the same figure as...<br>- as high as...<br>- **comparable to**... | The figure for Europe was **comparable to** that of North America. |
| **8. 比例比較 (倍數)** | - **twice/three times as much/high as**...<br>- **nearly double/triple** the percentage of... | The expenditure on transport was **three times as high as** the spending on food. |
| **9. 對比連接** | - **In contrast,** / **By contrast,**<br>- **While** / **Whereas** / **As opposed to** | **While** men made up 60%, women only **represented** 40%. |
| **10. 分組連接** | - **This was followed by**...<br>- The subsequent figure was... | The UK had the highest unemployment, **followed by** Germany. |

---
#### 適用： 製作過程 (Manufacturing)、自然循環 (Natural Cycle)。重點在於連接詞和被動語態。

**1. Introduction**
The diagram demonstrates the process of how [產品] is produced/manufactured / how [自然現象] occurs.
**2. Overview (總結階段數和起止點)**
Overall, there are [數字] distinct stages in this process, beginning with [第一步的動作] and culminating in [最後一步的結果/產品發送]. (總體而言，過程有...個階段，開始於...並終止於...)
**3. Body Paragraph 1 (前半部分步驟)**
First of all, [原料] is collected/harvested from... Subsequently/Following this, it is transported to a factory where it is cleaned and sorted. Once this stage is complete, the material is... (首先，...被收集。隨後，它被運送到...被清洗和分類。一旦此階段完成，材料被...)
**4. Body Paragraph 2 (後半部分步驟)**
In the next stage, the mixture is heated/cooled... Then, it is shaped into... Finally, the finished products are packaged and distributed to supermarkets for sale. (在下一階段，混合物被加熱...然後被塑形...最後，成品被包裝並分發銷售。)
#### 時序連接詞百寶箱 (Sequencers)

| 類型 (Type) | 詞彙 (Lexicon) |
| :--- | :--- |
| **起始步驟** | **To begin with,** / **First of all,** / **Initially,** / **In the initial stage,** |
| **中途銜接** | **Subsequently,** / **Following this,** / **Then,** / **Next,** / **After that,** / **The next step is when...** |
| **強調階段** | **At this stage,** / **At this point,** / **In this phase,** |
| **條件銜接** | **Once** this is complete, / **When** it reaches [stage/location], / **As soon as** the material is [verb-ed],... |
| **同時發生** | **At the same time,** / **Simultaneously,** / **While** [X] is being processed... |
| **最終步驟** | **Finally,** / **In the final stage,** / **Eventually,** / **The process culminates in...** |
#### 被動語態動詞範例 (Passive Voice Verbs)

> **結構提醒：** 流程圖多數用現在式被動語態：`is/are + V-ed (Past Participle)`

| 動作類型 | 推薦動詞 (Passive Voice) |
| :--- | :--- |
| **收集/運送** | is collected, is harvested, is transported, is delivered |
| **處理/準備** | is cleaned, is sorted, is filtered, is purified, is crushed, is compressed |
| **轉換/製造** | is converted into, is processed into, is melted, is shaped, is moulded |
| **結束/分發** | is packaged, is stored, is distributed, is shipped |

#### 一、描述流程的本質與結構 (The Nature of the Process)

| 詞彙/片語 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Cyclical Process** | **循環過程** | The production of bio-fuel is a **cyclical process** that starts and ends with carbon dioxide. |
| **Linear Process** | **線性過程** | The process of making cement is a **linear process** consisting of 12 stages. |
| **Continuous Cycle** | **連續循環** | The diagram illustrates a **continuous cycle** without a definitive end point. |
| **Multi-stage Process** | **多階段過程** | The manufacturing of cars is a complex **multi-stage process**. |
| **Consists of** | 由...組成 | The process **consists of** three main phases. |
| **Comprises** | 由...組成 (替換 consists of) | The cycle **comprises** eight distinct steps. |

#### 二、描述物件在階段間的移動 (Movement Between Stages)

這些動詞和片語能讓您的描述比單純的 "it goes to" 更具學術性。

| 動詞 (Verb) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Proceeds to** | **接著進行到** | The material **proceeds to** the purification tank. |
| **Moves on to** | **轉移到** (較常見) | After filtration, the liquid **moves on to** the cooling stage. |
| **Is transferred to** | **被轉移到** (被動語態) | The mixture **is transferred to** a separate container. |
| **Is fed into** | **被送入**；被饋入 (常用於機器/原料) | The biomass **is fed into** the fermentation tank. |
| **Is directed to** | **被引導至** | The steam **is directed to** the turbine. |
| **Leads to** | **導致；引向** (用於描述結果，如：步驟 3 導致步驟 4) | The crushing stage **leads to** the formation of liquid pulp. |

#### 三、描述起點和終點 (Start & End)

| 詞彙 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Begins with** | 始於 (主動詞) | The cycle **begins with** the planting of crops. |
| **Culminates in** | **終止於；以...告終** | The entire process **culminates in** the final ethanol product. |
| **Concludes with** | 以...結束 | The production **concludes with** the packaging stage. |
---
#### 適用： Map 比較同一地點在兩個不同時間點的變化（例如 1950 vs. Now）。

**1. Introduction (開頭段)**
The maps illustrate the development/modifications in the layout of [地點名稱] between [年份1] and [年份2 / the present day]. (這兩張地圖展示了...在...到...期間的佈局發展/變化。)
**2. Overview (總體概述 - 最重要！)**
Overall, it is clear that [地點名稱] has undergone significant transformation over the period. The most noticeable changes are the construction of [新設施類型，如 new housing/commercial facilities] and the expansion/modernisation of [基礎設施，如 the transport network], replacing the original [舊設施類型，如 agricultural land/industrial area]. (總體而言，...經歷了顯著的轉變。最明顯的變化是...的建設和...的擴建，取代了原來的...)
**3. Body Paragraph 1 (區域 A：如北部/西部/舊設施)**
Starting with the [方位, e.g., northern] part of the map, the [舊建築/區域] was demolished/removed to make way for a new [新建築]. Furthermore, the [另一舊設施] was converted into [新用途]. Adjacent to this, a new [設施] has been constructed. (從地圖的...部開始，...被拆除以為...讓路。此外，...被改建為...。緊鄰著它，一個新的...被建造了。)
**4. Body Paragraph 2 (區域 B：如南部/東部/其他變化)**
Turning to the [方位] section, [某設施] remained unchanged in its original position. However, a significant change occurred [方位], where the [舊設施] was replaced by [新設施]. Additionally, the road/path has been extended/widened to provide access to these new facilities. (轉向...區域，...保持在原位不變。然而，在...發生了顯著變化，...被...取代了。此外，道路被延伸以提供通往...的通道。)
#### 地圖題：變化動詞百寶箱

> **💡 核心語法提醒：**
> 在地圖題描述過去發生的變化時，絕大多數情況應使用 **被動語態 (Passive Voice)**。
> * **結構：** `Subject + was/were + V-ed (Past Participle)`
> * **例句：** The old market **was demolished**.

| 變化類型 (Category) | 中文意思 | 推薦動詞 (Passive Voice / Phrases) | 備註 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Demolition** | **拆除 / 消失** | - **was demolished**<br>- **was knocked down**<br>- **was flattened**<br>- **was removed**<br>- **was cleared** | `flattened` 常用於夷為平地；`cleared` 常用於樹木或植被。 |
| **Construction** | **建造 / 新增** | - **was constructed**<br>- **was built**<br>- **was erected**<br>- **was added**<br>- **a new [X] was introduced** | `erected` 常用於直立的結構（如雕像、高樓）。 |
| **Replacement** | **取代 / 替換** | - **was replaced by**<br>- **gave way to**<br>- **made way for** | `gave way to` 是非常地道的高分表達。 |
| **Transformation** | **改造 / 變身** | - **was converted into**<br>- **was transformed into**<br>- **was turned into**<br>- **was redeveloped into** | 適用於建築物外觀沒變，但功能改變（如住宅變辦公室）。 |
| **Expansion** | **擴建 / 變大** | - **was expanded**<br>- **was extended**<br>- **was widened** | `widened` 專門用於**道路**加寬；`extended` 用於路線延伸。 |
| **Relocation** | **搬遷 / 移動** | - **was relocated to**<br>- **was moved to** | `relocated` 比 `moved` 更正式。 |
| **No Change** | **不變 / 保留** | - **remained unchanged**<br>- **remained intact**<br>- **stayed the same** | 這裡通常使用**主動語態**。 |

> **核心目的：** 描述物件 A 相對於物件 B 的位置，提升描述的精確度和學術性。

#### 一、表示「緊鄰」與「相連」 (Adjacency & Connection)

| 詞彙 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Adjacent to** | **毗鄰於；緊鄰** | The Cafés & Shops are **adjacent to** the Lifeboat station. |
| **Next to** | 旁邊；隔壁 (常用且清晰) | The new hotel was built **next to** the private beach. |
| **Alongside** | 在...旁邊；與...並排 | The passenger ferries are moored **alongside** the Dock. |
| **Bordering on** | 鄰近...的邊界 | The car park is **bordering on** the Main Road. |
| **In the vicinity of** | **在...附近** | No major development occurred **in the vicinity of** the dock. |

#### 二、表示「方位」與「相對位置」 (Direction & Relative Position)

| 詞彙 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **To the north/south/east/west of [X]** | **在 X 的...方向** | The second car park was constructed **to the south of** the first one. |
| **On the eastern/western edge of** | **在...的東/西側邊緣** | The new resort was built **on the western edge of** the map. |
| **Flanking** | 在...兩側 | Two apartment blocks **flanked** the river. |
| **On the corner of** | **在...角落處** | The café was built **on the corner of** the new road. |

#### 三、表示「對面」與「空間限定」 (Opposite & Location)

| 詞彙 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Directly opposite** | **正對面** (比 $\text{opposite}$ 更強調直接) | The new car park is **directly opposite** the original showers block. |
| **Across from** | 在...對面 (與 $\text{opposite}$ 同義) | The new facilities were added **across from** the Main Road. |
| **Is situated in/at** | **坐落於** (比 $\text{is located}$ 更具學術性) | The hotel **is situated at** the eastern edge of the harbour. |
#### 1. 垂直與水平方位 (Vertical & Horizontal)
- **Directly below / Underneath** = 正下方 (適合描述地圖上緊鄰下方的區域)
- **Directly above / Overhead** = 正上方
- **Adjacent to / Next to** = 鄰近 / 在...旁邊
- **Parallel to** = 與...平行 (描述長形的走廊或書架很實用)

#### 2. 羅盤方位 (Compass Points - 必考！)
- **In the north-west corner** = 在西北角
- **In the south-eastern part** = 在東南部
- **On the eastern side of the library** = 在圖書館的東側
- **To the north of the entrance** = 在入口的北方

#### 3. 相對位置與對照 (Relative Position)
- **Opposite / Facing** = 在...對面
> *Ex: The café is situated **opposite** the information desk.*
- **To the left/right of...** = 在...的左/右側
- **In the middle of / In the central area** = 在中央
- **In the vicinity of...** = 在...的附近
- **At the far end of...** = 在...的盡頭 (適合描述長廊底端的房間)

#### 4. 固定句型組合 (Useful Phrases)
- **Located at the rear of the building** = 位於建築物的後方
- **Positioned in the foreground** = 位於(地圖)前景/前方
- **Situated between A and B** = 位於 A 與 B 之間

---

#### 📝 常用句型範例

1. **拆除 + 新建：**
* The old warehouse **was demolished** to **make way for** a new shopping mall.
2. **改造：**
* The farmhouse **was converted into** a museum.
3. **搬遷：**
* The car park **was relocated to** the east side of the building.

---
### 時間寫法
#### 一、描述時間點 (Specific Point in Time)

| 詞彙/片語 (Phrases) | 範例 (Example) | 備註 (Notes) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **In** [Year] | The figure stood at 10% **in 2010**. | 最常見，用於報告特定年份的數據。 |
| **By** [Year] | The amount had doubled **by 2005**. | 表示在某個時間點「之前」完成的動作（常用過去完成式）。 |
| **At** the beginning of the period | **At the beginning of the period**, the figure was low. | 用於描述圖表起始點（無需具體年份）。 |
| **At** the end of the decade | **At the end of the decade**, the trend reversed. | 用於描述圖表終止點。 |

#### 二、描述時間段 (Period of Time)

| 詞彙/片語 (Phrases) | 範例 (Example) | 語法對比 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Between** [Year A] **and** [Year B] | Sales increased sharply **between 2007 and 2010**. | **錯誤用法：** 不可說 "between 2007 to 2010" |
| **From** [Year A] **to** [Year B] | The market grew significantly **from 2007 to 2010**. | **錯誤用法：** 不可說 "from 2007 and 2010" |
| **Over the period** / **Throughout the period** | The figure remained stable **throughout the period shown**. | 強調在**整個**時間段內的情況。 |
| **Over the next [number] years** | The number **rose sharply over the next three years**. | 描述從某個時間點開始的連續幾年。 |
| **In the following/subsequent year** | The figure fell in 2008, but **recovered in the following year**. | 描述緊接在後的一年。 |

#### 三、描述持續時間長度 (Duration)

| 詞彙/片語 (Phrases) | 範例 (Example) | 結構/功能 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **For** [Duration] | The rate stayed the same **for five years**. | 描述持續了多久的時間長度。 |
| **Over a [number]-year period** | The company’s profit increased **over a ten-year period**. | 描述某個時間段內的變化趨勢。 |
| **Throughout the decade** | The gap between the two countries widened **throughout the decade**. | 專指十年 (Decade)。 |

#### 四、時間作為修飾語 (高分句型)

| 句型 (Structure) | 範例 (Example Sentence) | 語法點 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Following** [Year] / **After** [Year] | **Following 2010**, the sales began to decline. | **Following** 作為介系詞，比 "After" 更正式。 |
| **From which point...** | The figure peaked in 2015, **from which point** it began to drop. | 使用關係從句，連接兩個相關的趨勢變化點。 |
| **The period between...** (作主語) | **The period between 2000 and 2005** saw the fastest growth. | 讓「時間段」本身作為主語，句子更具學術性。 |
### 連接詞
#### 一、引入新主題或新圖表 (Introducing a New Topic)

| 連接詞 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) | 適用場景 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **In terms of [X]** | 就...而言；關於... | **In terms of** government spending, healthcare accounted for the largest portion. | 引入數據的主題，如：`In terms of loans...` |
| **Regarding [X]** | 關於...方面 | **Regarding** the sales figures, the trend was entirely different. | 替換 In terms of，更正式。 |
| **As for [X]** | 至於...方面 | **As for** the consumption of coffee, the data showed a sharp drop. | 常用於轉向討論下一組數據。 |
| **Turning to [X]** | 轉而來看... | **Turning to** the second category, the figure stood at 15%. | 地圖題或多圖表題中，引導讀者轉移注意力。 |

#### 二、對比與差異 (Showing Contrast/Difference)

| 連接詞 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) | 適用場景 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **While / Whereas** | 然而；與此同時 (較正式) | **While** men prefer fast food, women tend to choose organic options. | 在一句話中對比兩種不同的趨勢或數據。 |
| **In contrast** | 相反地；對比之下 | **In contrast**, the figure for Germany showed a substantial decline. | 放在新句子的開頭，對比前一句的數據。 |
| **By contrast** | 對比之下 | The expenses rose dramatically. **By contrast**, the income remained stable. | 替換 In contrast。 |
| **On the other hand** | 另一方面 (相對常見) | The UK market dropped. **On the other hand**, the US market saw growth. | 對比兩組獨立的數據/項目。 |
| **Conversely** | 反之；相反地 (最正式) | The consumption of sugar dropped. **Conversely**, the consumption of fruits increased. | 強調趨勢的完全相反。 |

#### 三、增加細節與支持 (Adding Information/Support)

| 連接詞 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) | 適用場景 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Furthermore** | 此外；而且 (非常正式) | **Furthermore**, the company's profit reached its lowest point. | 增加一個同樣重要的數據點。 |
| **Moreover** | 此外；而且 (替換 Furthermore) | **Moreover**, the trend was mirrored in the developing nations. | 增加一個支持性或相關的細節。 |
| **Additionally** | 此外 (常用於 Overview) | **Additionally**, the number of female participants was the highest. | 在 Overview 或 Body 段落中新增一個主要特徵。 |
| **Subsequently** | 隨後；接著 (強調時間先後) | The figure reached a peak in June; **subsequently**, it fell sharply | 描述時間順序，用於連接同一個對象在不同時間點的連續變化。 |
#### 四、總結與結果 (Summarising/Concluding)

| 連接詞 (Phrase) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) | 適用場景 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Overall** | 總體而言 | **Overall**, the total expenditure increased by 15% over the period. | 專用於 Overview 段落的開頭。 |
| **In conclusion** | 總之 (通常用於 Task 2) | In conclusion, both sides have valid arguments. | Task 1 很少使用，通常用 Overall 即可。 |

### 描述數據變化的動態動詞 (Verbs for Change)

> **核心功能：** 這些動詞用於取代 "The number changed" (數字改變了)，讓變化過程更生動。
> **結構：** `[The figure/rate/number] + [動詞] + [變化類型/程度]`

| 動詞 (Verb) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example Sentence) | 備註 (Notes) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Experience** | 經歷；遭遇 | The market **experienced** significant volatility in 2012. | 最常見且正式的選擇。 |
| **Undergo** | 經歷；遭受 | The unemployment rate **underwent** a sharp decline. | 語氣比 experience 更強，強調過程。 |
| **See / Witness** | 見證；發生 | The decade **saw** a dramatic rise in internet usage. | 用「時間段」或「地點」作主語，更高級。 |
| **Exhibit** | 展現；呈現 | The cost of fuel **exhibited** a steady increase. | 強調「數據圖上呈現出」的樣貌。 |
| **Show** | 顯示；呈現 | The data **showed** a gradual improvement over the period. | 較為中性，但依然比 was/is 好。 |
| **Register** | 錄得；記錄下 | The birth rate **registered** its lowest point in 1999. | 適用於記錄或達到某個特定數值。 |
| **Suffer** | 遭受；經受 | The company **suffered** a sharp drop in sales last quarter. | 帶有「負面」變化的語氣。 |
| **Record** | 錄得；記錄 | The country **recorded** a peak in oil production in 2005. | 強調達到了一個「記錄點」。 |

---

#### 實用句型轉換

使用這些動詞，您可以將簡單的表達轉化為高分句型：

| 簡單表達 (Simple) | 高分替換 (High-Band) |
| :--- | :--- |
| $\text{The price went down sharply.}$ | $\text{The price **suffered** a sharp decline.}$ |
| $\text{Internet usage increased a lot.}$ | $\text{The decade **witnessed** a dramatic rise in internet usage.}$ |
| $\text{The figure was stable.}$ | $\text{The figure **exhibited** a period of stability.}$ |

這些詞彙將極大地豐富您在描述動態數據圖時的語言表達！

### 倍數寫法總覽

| 結構類型 (Structure Type) | 寫法/句型 (Pattern) | 2 倍 (Twice / Double) | 3 倍 (Triple) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **🥇 結構一：專門動詞/ X-fold** (最簡潔) | `Verb + (X-fold)` | **`doubled`** (翻倍) / **`two-fold`** | **`tripled`** (三倍) / **`three-fold`** |
| **🥈 結構二：X times + Verb** (最常用) | `increased/soared/grew + X times` | **`increased two times`** | **`increased three times`** |
| **🥉 結構三：同級比較 (as...as)** (最複雜) | `X times as + Adj/Adv + as Y` | **`twice as many/large as`** | **`three times as high/much as`** |
| **🏅 結構四：名詞片語 (比較大小)** (簡潔替換) | `X times the size/number of Y` | **`twice the number of`** | **`three times the size of`** |

---

#### 句型範例與使用情境

#### 1. 🥇 結構一：專門動詞/ X-fold (Band 7+)

這種結構最簡潔，用於描述某個數字的**總增長幅度**，語氣正式。

* **句型：** `Subject + Verb (doubled/tripled) + to reach [Final Figure]`
* **範例 (2 倍)：** The total figure **doubled** from 50 to 100 over the decade.
* **範例 (100 倍)：** The population **increased over 100-fold** by the final year.

---

#### 2. 🥈 結構二：X times + Verb (最直接實用)

這個結構用來描述**增長的過程和幅度**，通常不需要使用 `as` 或 `than`。

* **句型：** `[Subject] + [Verb] + X times + to reach [Figure]`
* **範例：** The volume of goods **increased three times**, reaching a peak of 60 tonnes.

---

#### 3. 🥉 結構三：同級比較 (X times as...as)

這個結構用於**明確比較**兩個數字的大小（A 和 B 誰是誰的 X 倍）。**使用時必須確保有兩個 `as`。**

* **句型：** `Figure A is X times as [large/high/many] as Figure B.`
* **範例：** The proportion of the outer districts was **four times as large as** Manhattan's share in 2000.

---

#### 4. 🏅 結構四：名詞片語 (X times the size/number of)

這是一種替代同級比較的高分寫法，使用名詞片語來表達倍數關係，簡潔而正式。

* **句型：** `Figure A is X times the [size/number/amount] of Figure B.`
* **範例：** The total population in 2000 was **ten times the size of** the figure recorded in 1900.

### used to/ once核心區別表

| 特性 | **used to** | **once** |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **詞性** | 助動詞 (Auxiliary Verb) | 副詞 (Adverb) |
| **語法要求** | 後面**必須**接原形動詞 (V) | 只是修飾語，後面動詞時態不變 |
| **強調點** | 強調「過去持續的狀態」，現在已不復存在 | 強調「曾經」發生的事實 |

---

#### 2. 語法結構解析

#### 💡 `used to` (後面要加 be)
當你想表達「以前是...」或「以前位於...」時，因為 `used to` 是助動詞，所以必須接原形動詞 `be`。
* **公式：** `Subject + used to + be + (located/situated)`
* **範例：**
* The barn **used to be** here. (穀倉以前在這裡。)
* ...where the barn **used to be located**. (穀倉以前被放置的位置。)

#### 💡 `once` (不需要變回 be)
`once` 只是一個副詞，它不會影響動詞的形態。你原本該用什麼時態（過去式），就直接用。
* **公式：** `Subject + (was) + once + (V-ed)`
* **範例：**
* The barn **once stood** here. (穀倉曾經坐落於此。)
* The barn **was once located** here. (穀倉曾經位於這裡。)

## 主題詞彙
### Map
* commercial facilities 商業設施
* tourism-related facilities 旅遊相關設施
* sustainable energy infrastructure 永續能源基礎設施
* livestock 家畜
* gravel 碎石
* be paved into 被鋪成(通常指用柏油、混凝土或石頭鋪成平整的表面)
* junction 交會處
* paved road 鋪砌路面

### line graph
* urbanization rate 都市化率
* city dwellers 城市居民