---
title: Review
tags: sprouts
slideOptions:
theme: solarized
transition: 'fade'
---
# Review
搭上複習快車ㄅ!!!
---
# Input 篇
燃燒你的IO魂
----
## Mission 1
吃甚麼吐什麼
----
## Input & Output
```python=
# Input
hello sprout
# Output
hello sprout
```
----
## Answer
```python=
word = input()
print(word)
```
----
## Caution
- input吃進來永遠是字串
----
## Mission 2
Eat an integer and print add 1
----
## Input and output
```python=
#input
1
#output
2
```
----
## Answer
```python=
a = int(input())
print(a+1)
```
----
## Caution
- Input進來會是字串，要用int強制轉型
----
## Mission 3
吃很多個整數，每個都加1
----
## Input & Output
```python=
# Input
3 4 6
# Output
4 5 7
```
----
## Answer
```python=
# 吃進input然後以空白分割
# list of string
nums_str = input().split()
# 用map把裡面每個元素都轉型成int
nums = list(map(int,nums_str))
ans = []
for i in nums:
# 為了之後用join做準備，所以先轉型
ans.append(str(i+1))
print(" ".join(ans))
```
----
## Caution
- 別忘了split
- 別忘了轉型
----
## 預測未來
```python
a = input("安安")
```
a = ?
----
## Ans
使用者輸入r，"安安"只是問候語。
---
# Output篇
----
### print(1.1,"23",16,sep=".",end='')
----
## sep
每筆資料中間銜接的部分。
```python=
print(1,2,3,4)
# 1 2 3 4
print(1,2,3,4,sep="*")
# 1*2*3*4
```
----
## end
結尾的字元，default '\n'
```python=
print("安安")
print("Rilak")
# 安安
# Rilak
print("安安",end='r! ')
print("Rilak")
# 安安r! Rilak
```
----
## 練習
- 3057 : DEBUG 來印三角形吧
---
## Boolean 布林
----
## True vs False
----
## 運算 - and/or
----
## 運算 - not
```python=
not False # True
```
```python=
not True # False
```
----
## 運算 - 比較
```python=
1 > 3 # =>False
1 != 3 # => True
1 == 3 # => False
2 <= 3 # => True
9 > 3 > 2 >1 #=> True
```
----
## 運算 x 字串 x 外傳
```python=
"Sprout" == "忠毅" # False
```
----
## 運算 x 字串 x 意外
```python=
"123" > 12
```
----
## Python2
```python
"123" > 12
# True
```
## Python3
```python
"123" > 12
#Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
#TypeError: unorderable types: str() > int()
```
---
# if 分枝篇
----
## if x 基礎 x 格式
```python=
if 條件1:
# 做某些事
# 別忘記縮排
elif 條件2:
# 若不符合條件1
# 但是符合條件2
# 做某些事
else:
# 否則做某些事
```
----
## if x 基礎 x 範例
```python=
Rilak_has_answer = True
if Rilak_has_answer:
print("Rilak快教教我r")
else:
print("Rilak快想想r")
```
----
## if x 基礎 x 解說
如果Rilak_has_answer，就輸出"Rilak快教教我r"，不然就輸出"Rilak快想想r"。
----
## if x 變化 x 巢狀
```python=
if 條件:
if 條件:
#做某些事
else:
#做某些事
else:
#做某些事
```
----
## if x 變化 x 範例
輸出1-50間所有是3的倍數但不是2的倍數的數字?
----
## if x 巢狀 x 解法
```python=
for i in range(1, 51):
if i % 3 == 0:
if i % 2 != 0:
print (i)
```
----
## if x 巢狀 x 醜
- and
```python=
for i in range(1, 51):
if i % 3 == 0 and i % 2 != 0:
print (i)
```
---
# 迴圈篇
----
## 迴圈 x 基礎 x while
只要滿足條件，就繼續。
```python=
while 條件:
# 做某件事
# 要記得縮排喔!!!
```
----
## 迴圈 x 基礎 x break
一個蘿蔔一個坑。
一個break一個迴圈。
```python=
n = 0
while True:
if n > 3:
break
n+=1
```
----
## 迴圈 x 進階 x break
```python=
n = 0
while True:
for i in range(5):
if n > 10:
break
n+=3
n+=1
if n > 20:
break
print(n)
```
問n = ?
----
## 迴圈 x 解說 x break
<iframe width="800" height="500" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=n%20%3D%200%0Awhile%20True%3A%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%285%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3E%2010%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20n%2B%3D3%0A%20%20%20%20n%2B%3D1%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3E%2020%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0Aprint%28n%29&codeDivHeight=400&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&heapPrimitives=false&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe>
----
## 迴圈 x 進階 x continue
有時，你會不想跑剩下的東西
```python=
for i in range(10):
if i % 3 == 0:
continue
print(i)
```
---
# 迴圈篇 - 2
----
## 迴圈 x 基礎 x for
----
## 迴圈 x for x Usage
配合range或是其他可以iter東西。
----
## 迴圈 x for x 例子
print 1 到 100
----
## 迴圈 x for x while解
```python=
k = 1
while k < 101:
print(k)
k += 1
```
----
## 迴圈 x for x for解
```python=
for i in range(1,101):
print(i)
```
----
## 迴圈 x range x 基礎
```python=
range(起始值,終止值,變化值)
```
----
## 迴圈 x range x 變異
```python
range(起始值,終止值)
# 等價於
range(起始值,終止值, 1)
```
----
## 迴圈 x range x 孤單
```python=
range(中止值)
# 等價於
range(0,終止值, 1)
```
----
## 迴圈 x range x 預測
```python=
print(list(range(9,3,5)))
```
---
## List !!!
很重要!很重要!很重要!
----
## List x 範例 x 製造
```python=
a = ['rilak',666]
# a[0] 是 'rilak'
# a[1] 是 666
```
----
## List x 三寶 x len
```python=
a = ['rilak',666]
print(len(a))
# 2
```
----
## List x 三寶 x 遍歷
b會依序迭代a裡的元素，第一次是'rilak'第二次是666。
```python=
a = ['rilak',666]
for b in a:
print(b)
```
----
### List x 三寶 x 遍歷 x 變異
```python=
a = ['rilak',666]
for i in range(len(a)):
print(a[i])
```
----
### List x 三寶 x 雜 x min
```python=
min([9,4,8,7])
# 4
```
----
### List x 三寶 x 雜 x max
```python=
max([9,4,8,7])
# 9
```
----
### List x 三寶 x 雜 x sum
```python=
sum([9,4,8,7])
# 28
```
----
### List x 三寶 x 外傳
string也可以比min,max，按照字典序。
```python=
min(['a','b','c','d'])
# 'a'
```
----
## List x 方法 x append
```python=
a = []
print(a)
# []
a.append(1)
print(a)
# [1]
```
----
## List x 方法 x pop
```python=
a = [1,2,3,4]
a.pop(1)
print(a)
# [1,3,4]
```
----
## List x 方法 x insert
```python=
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
a.insert(3,1000)
print(a)
# [1,2,3,1000,4,5,6]
```
----
## List x 方法 x sort
```python=
a = [1, 2, 8, 7, 5, 6]
a.sort()
print(a)
# [1,2,5,6,7,8]
```
----
## List x 方法 x reverse
```python=
a = [1,2,8,7,5,6]
a.reverse()
print(a)
# [6,5,7,8,2,1]
```
----
## List x 方法 x reverse 變異
```python=
a = [1,2,8,7,5,6]
print(a[::-1])
```
----
## List x 方法 x 比較
```python=
a = [1,2,8,7,5,6]
print(a[::-1]) # [::-1]會製造一個新的list
a = [1,2,8,7,5,6]
print(a.reverse()) # a.reverse() 只會改變自己
# Nothing
print(a)
# [6,5,7,8,2,1]
```
---
## 中場休息
- 3058 : ANIHC式排隊
- 3205 : 海捌樂愛的幸運數字
---
## 字串 x 基礎 x 建立
```python=
a = "Sprouts"
```
----
## 字串 x 基礎 x list
```python=
a = ['S','p','r','o','u','t','s']
# S
a = "Sprouts"
a[0]
# S
```
----
## 字串 x 基礎 x 注意
immutable : 不能被修改
```python=
a = "123456"
a[0] = "3"
# Error
```
----
## 字串 x 三寶 x replace
- replace(src, goal)
- 因為string是immutable，replace回傳的會是新的string
```python=
a = "hortune"
print (a.replace("hortune", "rilak")) # rilak
print (a) # hortune
```
----
## 字串 x 三寶 x split
- split(sep,n)
- n 代表要split幾個
```python=
a = "hortune rilak"
k = a.split()
print(a)
# hortune rialk
print(k)
# ["hortune","rilak"]
```
----
## 字串 x 三寶 x find
- find(target)
- 尋找第一個符合target的位置
```python=
a = "hello moto"
print(a.find("moto"))
# 6
```
----
## 練習
- 3059 : 黑人問號-問號黑人
---
# 字典篇
----
## dict x 基礎 x 建立
```python=
a = {"123" : 123, "bbb" : "ccc"}
```
----
## dict x 基礎 x 觀念
- 一個key對一個value
- key要是immutable
----
## dict x 基礎 x 插入
```python=
grade = {}
grade["rilak"] = 666
```
----
## dict x 基礎 x 遍歷
```python=
temp = {"a":1,"b":2}
for i in temp:
print(i,temp[i])
```
----
## dict x 基礎 x 查詢
```python=
temp = {"a":1, "b":2}
"a" in temp
# True
"c" in temp
# False
```
----
## 練習
- 3208 : 海捌樂愛的大冒險 -- 異世界篇
---
# 函數篇
----
## 函數 x 基礎 x 定義
```python=
def hello():
pass
# 別忘記縮排
```
----
## 函數 x 基礎 x 參數
```python=
def c_sum(a,b,c):
return a+b+c
```
----
## 函數 x 進階 x 參數
```python=
def pprint(a,b):
print(a,b)
pprint(1,2)
# 1 2
pprint(b=1,a=2)
# 1 2
```
----
## 函數 x 變化 x 參數
```python=
def weird(q):
q+=1
a = 1
weird(a)
print(a)
# 1
```
----
## 函數 x 變化 x 參數
```python=
def weird(q):
q.append(1)
a = []
weird(a)
print(a)
# [1]
```
----
## 函數 x 變化 x 差異
- Immutable type
- 傳入後不會影響原本的
- e.g. int, float, str
- mutable type
- 傳入後會影響原本的
- e.g. list, dict
----
## 函數 x 變化 x 綜合
<iframe width="800" height="500" frameborder="0" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20qaq%28v_int,v_float,v_str,v_dict,v_list%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20v_int%20%3D%201%0A%20%20%20%20v_float%20%3D%200.0%0A%20%20%20%20v_str%20%3D%20%22Lucky%22%0A%20%20%20%20v_dict%5B%22hi%22%5D%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20v_list.append%28%22gogo%22%29%0A%0Av_int,%20v_float,%20v_str,%20v_dict,%20v_list%20%3D%200,%201.1,%20%22ykcuL%22,%20%7B%7D,%20%5B%5D%0Aqaq%28v_int,%20v_float,%20v_str,%20v_dict,%20v_list%29%0Aprint%28v_int,%20v_float,%20v_str,%20v_dict,%20v_list%29&codeDivHeight=400&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=10&heapPrimitives=false&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe>
----
## 函數 x 參數 x default
```python=
def weird(a = 1):
print(a)
weird(2)
weird()
```
----
## 函數 x 參數 x default
- default : 只能在後面
```python=
def weird(a=1,b):
print(a)
# SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument
```
----
## 函數 x 參數 x 未知
- 沒有指定名字的參數會被args收走
- 有指定名字會被kwargs收走
```python=
def weird(*args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)
weird(6,6,6,name="rilak")
# (6,6,6)
# {"name":"rilak"}
```
----
## 函數 x 變數 x Scope
- 訂在函數外的變數
- 大家都是全域變數
- 平安喜樂
```python=
b = 2
def q():
print(b)
q()
# 2
```
----
## 函數 x 變數 x Scope
- 函數裡的變數
- 只有函數裡能存取QQ
```python=
def a():
q = 1
a()
print(q)
# NameError: name 'q' is not defined
```
----
## 函數 x 變數 x Scope
- 這樣會如何呢?
- 變數的scope在指定時確立
```python=
q = 2
def a():
q = 1
print(q)
# 2
```
----
## 函數 x 變數 x 怪異
- 因為python define時是以一個closure去確立變數關係
```python=
b = 2
def q():
print(b)
b = 3
q()
#Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
# File "<stdin>", line 4, in q
#UnboundLocalError: local variable 'b' referenced before assignment
```
----
## 函數 x 怪異 x 發想
- 想讓函數內改變global?
- keyword : global
```python=
b = 2
def q():
global b
print(b)
b = 3
q()
print(b)
# 3
# 3
```
----
## 函數 x 區域 x 尋找
- locals
```python=
print(locals())
#{'__spec__': None, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__loader__': <class #'_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, '__package__': None, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}
def qq():
a = 1
print(locals())
qq()
# {'a':1}
```
----
## 函數 x 函數 x ?
```python=
def a():
b = 5
print(locals())
def q():
c = 3
print(locals())
q()
a()
# {'b':5}
# {'c':3}
```
---
# THE END
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