---
# System prepended metadata

title: Discuess

---

<!--# Report
Our research will be focus on the article "COVID-19 is not leaking from laboratories, but from some animals.".
https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202111190104.aspx

# Counterclaim

The counterclaim extracted by CNA report is that the COVID-19 virus originated from an animal rather than an experimental leak.
https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202111190104.aspx

# Primise1
The first premise to support this claim is the COVID-19 virus variated from animal virus, which stated by Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Michael Worobey. 

## Evidence
1. According to a study published in the authoritative journal Nature, COVID-19 virus naturally occurs in bats as there is 96% similarity between bat virus, RaTG13, and COVID-19 virus. [Nature study](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2012-7)

    [寮國蝙蝠、暱稱Banal-52的冠狀病毒，「相似到根本可以算是COVID-19病毒的祖先了」](https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-52133480.amp)

2. Professor M.W. states that we cannot disprove that COVID-19 is irrelevant to HUA-NAN market since most of early COVID-19 confirmed cases happened in HUA-NAN market, specifically who had been the stall of Raccoon dog.
 
     大多數到過華南市場且染疫者都去過有賣活體貉、狸的攤位

# Primise2

As for second premise, Professor M.W.'s claim that the virus originated from a lab is ridiculous.

## Evidence
1. To support the premise, professor M.W. states that if virus came from laboratory, the early cases of infecting COVID-19 should be around the lab rather than in faraway markets.

    [沃洛比表示:若病毒真是逸自實驗室，首波群聚感染理應在實驗室附近，而非好幾英裡外的華南市場](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202111190104.aspx)
2. Additionally, publication of WHO claims that introduction through a laboratory incident was considered to be an extremely unlikely pathway.

    [WHO claims: "introduction through a laboratory incident was considered to be an extremely unlikely pathway."](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-convened-global-study-of-origins-of-sars-cov-2-china-part)-->

<!-- https://www.google.com/amp/s/udn.com/news/amp/story/121707/5619415 -->
<!--[備用](https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-57861634)


# Conclude

COVID-19 should not be leaking from the laboratory as a result of the above premises.
1. COVID-19 and nature animal proteins/viruses share many similarities.
2. Evidence show leaking from laboratory is low probability event.
-->

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# Discuess

## Initial claim Position

The information presented in the initial claim came from an authoritative news agency, CNA. The information is convincing because it's also based on authoritative virologist research.

### 有專業背景嗎？
<!-- 有， -->
CNA is a historical and authoritative agency. It was praised by vice-president in 2019.
[recommand](https://www.president.gov.tw/News/24227)

### 有沒有其他人背書？
1. Also, Yan is international and professional virologist, her publications were cited over 2000 times. She evinced the COVID-19 virus is manufactured and sourced from China laboratory. 
 [生化武器](https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/3535570)

2. (Zeng, 2020) point out that main gene sequences of COVID-19 ZC45 and ZXC21 are found by Chinese Military Research Institude, and NIH recorded them.


<!--1. 閆麗夢是國際一流的病毒學家，她對病毒學的研究高達[2064次](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Limeng-Yan)，表示 COVID-19 是被實驗室製造。

2. (Zeng, 2020) 指出 COVID-19 的主要基因序列 ZC45 與 ZXC21 皆由 Chinese Military Research Institude 發現，且被 NIH 備份。-->

### 有沒有出於惡意(或暗地)去傷害他人？

In the initial claim about the purpose of the report, there does not appear to be any malicious intention. However, the result might be damaging to China's reputation.
<!--沒有，Chen 報導 Yen's researches，沒有傷害他人的意圖，但是可能傷害到中國的名譽。-->


## Counterclaim Position

The information of counterclaim is insufficiently persuasive enough since similarities cannot prove that they are variant to each other.

### 反對者有專業背景嗎？

Although the counterclaim is also reported by CNA, the evidence is not as clear as the initial claim.

<!-- 幾乎沒有，多數是中國官方發表之聲明。但是有 WHO 權威專業背景。 -->


### 有沒有其他人背書？

1. In support of counterclaim, WHO research states that there is low probability of viruses leaking from laboratories.
2. A second statement in support of the counterclaim infered by Professor Worobey is that the early cases of COVID-19 infection should be found around the lab, rather than in faraway markets. 
[沃洛比表示:若病毒真是逸自實驗室，首波群聚感染理應在實驗室附近，而非好幾英裡外的華南市場](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202111190104.aspx)

### 有沒有出於惡意(或暗地)去傷害他人？
The information presented in this piece does not have a underlying purpose, as it merely presents long-term survey research.
<!-- 1. 中國聲明的部份：有，這會讓閆麗夢失去於母國生存之自由。
2. 學者聲明的部份：沒有，忠於事實描述。但是不與 Initial claim 直接矛盾 -->


<!-- ## What can be conclude from this information?
閆麗夢提出之三篇研究報告，counterclaim 多由中國官方不具專業聲明，所以我們不拒絕其假說：「[SARS-CoV-2病毒是中國共產黨政權與包括軍方在內的實驗室群所改造的更具致病性、傳染力、殺傷力的超限生物武器](https://zenodo.org/record/4650821#.YGkqbT_FjiX)」。 -->


# Conclusion

In our opinion, the initail claim is flip-information because it does not have any malicious intention and it does not reject truth.

## Why flip-information
The main purpose of the initial claim is to present the virologist research and 
the journalist has no intention to harm anyone.

### evidence 
The research that initial cliam mentioned described the origin of COVID-19, which is pointed out by Yan in his report. The purpose of initial claim was only to document someone's research results without the intention of slandering anyone.
<!--1. 基於國際知名病毒研究學家，發表她自己的研究於公眾學術資源網站，沒有發現傷害意圖。
2. 沒有任何學術成果拒絕initial claim-->


------------------------------------------------
## Why else believe?
There are lots of research about the epidemic. In addition to Yan's publications, the Australian government convention with the Chinese government acknowledged that there was some risk of laboratory virus leakage, and Academia Sinica's Professor Lai Mingzhao stated that a part of the sequence of COVID-19 virus enhances its toxicity.
<!-- 2. 中國共產黨所提供之資訊，經常與事實不符。 -->
### evidence
1. At NCKU's public speech, professor Lai Mingzhao made the point that scientists have added parts of the sequence into COVID-19 virus.
[加強毒性基因](https://udn.com/news/story/120940/5829288)
2. China government admitted that there is a high risk of human-made viruses leaking from labrotarys, according to a convention submitted by the Australian government.
[中國承認實驗室有外洩風險但沒承認製造生化武器](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202106280087.aspx)
------------------------------------------------