TINKER: Bootstrap

Group Members: Mengying Wu, Ivy Wu, Tianyi Dong --- tags: mstu5003, tinker, html, css, bootstrap --- # TINKER: Bootstrap --- **See demonstration: https://codepen.io/jmk2142/pen/yLXdqbd**  [codepen External Bootstrap CSS URL](https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.0.2/css/bootstrap.min.css) :::info Note: The official bleeding edge version of Bootstrap is 5.1.2 but the Codepen quick CSS import pulls up 5.0.x. Most likely this is not a problem and you can use ver. 5.0.x with 5.1.x documentation. ::: After our run with basic HTML/CSS and trying to produce our websites, many of you have probably noticed that it's actually quite a chore to get your pages and parts of to align correctly using `margins` and `padding`, different `width and height units` like `px` and `%`. Actually, there are even more: `em rem vh vw` etc. To make matters even more difficult, I think you all have probably experienced how the representations of your visual layouts and definitions of dimensions is highly impacted by the hierarchy of your elements and what rules are set on the parents and grandparents of a particular thing. The nice thing is: **there are solutions to this.** ## Responsive Design and Bootstrap This week is mostly about continuing to practice the basic `html/css` we've learned last week in preparation for having some content and interactive user interfaces that we can use to make Javascript more interesting. Thus, I wanted this week's tinker problem to be around something called Bootstrap - which is simply a `CSS` file that two people at Twitter created so that you don't have create all those intricate rules yourself. Bootstrap provides a bunch of pre-defined helper classes that do things. Things like: - Set margins and paddings for you and provide a simple, predictable, yet flexible way to layout content at the page level, (see [Grid System](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/layout/grid/).) - Set rules that will automatically make your page change it's layout depending on what kind of screen is being used to view it. (e.g. 3 columns on a big screen but only 1 and content stacked in order if on mobile.) - Provide basic pretty styles to your typography and interfaces. - Provide ways to create components, which are groups of different elements to make a more sophisticated larger thing. - Provide more advanced javascript driven interactive interfaces and features. Bootstrap isn't the only option here. There are many different kinds of 3rd party libraries which we call HTML/CSS Frameworks. Examples: - https://getbootstrap.com/ - http://materializecss.com/ - https://getmdl.io/components/index.html - https://semantic-ui.com/usage/layout.html Bootstrap traditionally was one of the more popular ones as it's pretty easy to pick up and made significant contributions to this space. I will support Bootstrap in this class but if you learn to use Bootstrap, the basics concepts apply to other frameworks. You just need to learn the framework specific `classes`. Like mentioned, they generally share common features. The basic thing to keep in mind with these frameworks is: - Use the provided **GRID SYSTEM**. - The results are driven by the correct use of the framework provided `classes`. - In using their `classes`, you are agreeing to their _opinions_ about how to use the classes. - This means, `classes` tend to have distinct effects based on how they are used *together* and the *hierarchy* in which they are used. - Thus, you MUST follow their specifications exactly. :::success **RECOMMENDED STUDY** To get the most of Bootstrap: - Align your studies with FCC: Front End Libraries > Bootstrap unit - Read the Bootstrap documentation on Grids carefully: https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/layout/grid/ - Browse through the https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/content page (i.e. typography, code, images, tables, figures) to be aware of the `classes` available to you to do certain stylistic things. - Browse through the https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/components page to be aware of the _components_ available to you through Bootstrap and a gist of how `classes` are used to create these components. ::: ## Tinker Tasks - Like we did with the prior Tinker, fork the codepen to play with it. - **COMPARE AND CONTRAST** this Tinker (which uses Bootstrap) with [last week's codepen](https://codepen.io/jmk2142/pen/dVMRRq). - Use the guiding prompts and questions to **manipulate** the code **one thing at a time** and _see_ what happens. - **Articulate** your understanding and share your findings and insights with your weekly group and/or the class. ### FRAMEWORK: OVERARCHING - In the settings of the CSS Pane (click on the gear) there is a section called Add External CSS. Remove the resource (Bootstrap) line. - What happens to the page and why? - The styles and formats are gone. - You can add the resource back: https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.0.2/css/bootstrap.min.css - Enter the above resource directly into your browser URL input to go to the page and scan through the resource. - What is Bootstrap really? - CSS Framework for developing responsive and mobile-first websites - I have a few CSS rules in the CSS pane. Comment them out. - What happens to the page and why? - The style of headings, paragraphs and footer are gone. - What is the relation between my CSS and the External Resource? - They both can add styles to the html. - How does my CSS "intersect" with the External Resource? - External resources allows you to define a style sheet as a separate document and import it into your web pages. - What do you think is the sequence of how the External Resource and my CSS are loaded? - External Resource is loaded first. - What kinds of things could happen, if I am careless with my own CSS rules? - We could use Bootstrap CSS rules and correct my own careless CSS rules, it is time-saving for correction. - Are you stuck with all of Bootstrap's rules? How does our own CSS come into play if we don't like a particular Bootstrap rule? - Our CSS rule can override the Bootstrap's rule, because it loads the Bootstrap first, then loads our CSS rule. - Compare this Tinker's custom CSS vs. last week's CSS. - What kind of specific rules did I have to make last week that I did not have to do this week to achieve a very similar result? - Rules like "right and left with float property" - What then is the _advantage_ of using a framework like Bootstrap? - Using framework can make the code shorter, cleaner and easier to read. - Saving time. - What are some _disadvantages_ of using a framework like Bootstrap? - Some lines are not needed in our own work. - Compare the HTML from this week's Tinker vs. last week's Tinker HTML. - I use a class called `.container` in both. Is this a special `class`? Are they the same thing? - Container is the top box on the website. It's similar to 'class', which could include several columns and rows in the single big box. - There are many more `classes` used in this week's Tinker. Where do these classes come from? - These classes come from Bootstrap. - Remove classes like `img-thumbnail` and some of the `danger`, `info`, etc. classes in the table and/or try adding them to other elements. Might work, might not. - How do these kinds of `classes` relate and rely on the bigger structure and `class` rules of a framework? - They are children of the bigger 'class' - Analyze the form and refer to https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/forms. Try to convert this BASIC form to an **horizontal form** and/or an **inline form**. Some of the examples have extra attributes like `id`, `placeholder`. - Are the non-class attributes important in terms of getting Bootstrap to work? (How do you know?) - Yes. I deleted the 'disabled' in the **horizontal form** and found that the 'third radio' becomes available to click. - If you deviate from the specifications, particularly: 1) the classes used, 2) the hierarchy expected, how might that affect your result? - If I deleted the line of 'class=row' , the grid of the form changed. - Manipulate the form to "exclude" certain classes as prescribed by the Bootstrap guide and examples. - How does not following the specifications affect the output? - Excluding certain classes will make the element disappear; excluding the 'class=row' will change the layout. - What are the key aspects you need to be paying attention to when learning and implementing these framework features? - The hierarchy order and the classes used - What is the best way to learn how to use a new framework feature? - Try it and discuss with classmates, ask questions - Think about your experience building a page from scratch last week. - What is your attitude on using, learning new frameworks like this? - The new technique is really easy to use and effcient. ### GRID SYSTEM ```htmlmixed= <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-__">  </div> </div> </div> ``` - FIND the above pattern(s) within the HTML. - Move a `.row` to the outside of a container. What happens? - The grid of the container changed. - Move a column outside a row but within a container. What happens? - we moved `col-12` and found the margin of container changed. - What is the importance of using these three classes together `container`, `row`, `col-__` and in the correct hierarchical sequence? - so it can be organized, and follow the bootstrap CSS rules as what we expect. - Manipulate some of the content inside the columns to different parts of the page, keeping in mind whether the content is inside a `row`, or a `container`, or none. - What happens when content falls outside of the columns? - the content will fall outside of the container - Manipulate the column classes to replace some `col-12` to `col-xl-4`. Then, drag your browser screen out to make it really large or really small. Or you can zoom in or zoom out of your browser to get the similar effect. - What does the `xs`, `sm`, `md`, `lg`, `xl`, `xxl` represent in the column `class` notation? - they represent the column breaks - Manipulate the column classes to replace some `col-12` to `col-3`. This is partly dependent on how large your browser window is so you might have to play with the size or zoom in and out to see differences. - What does the `number` in the column name represent with respect to the GRID system? - the number represents the width - Carefully observe and compare this column **class naming system** (i.e. _opinion_) that Bootstrap has, with the column naming system of these _other_ GRID SYSTEMS: - https://semantic-ui.com/collections/grid.html - Click on the `<>` on the page to see the actual code with `classes` - http://materializecss.com/grid.html - http://getskeleton.com/#grid - What are the similarities and what are the differences? - similarities: they all have number in the naming system - differences: the ways of representing the number is different - What is a Grid System _convention_ vs. _rule_? Can you give an example? - What would happen to my columns if I remove Bootstrap from my page? - the styling format are all gone and we must modify the - Is the class, `col-xs-6` for example, really that special? - Yes - Visit the following link: [Grid System Explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wqu-d_b3K-0) - What is the advantage of using popular tools like Bootstrap? - Using framework can make the code shorter, cleaner and easier to read. - Saving time. :::success **Did you know?** As a student, you have access to the full Lynda.com / LinkedInLearning library. These are fantastic resources if you want to actually see the details of specific feature implementation. Thing with these tutorials is that they tend to explain _how to do_ specific things, but don't quite address the issue of deeper understanding to explicitly address how concepts relate and tie together. That said, used in _conjunction_ with activities like the Tinkers, can be a very powerful combo. To access Lynda.com: - Log IN with your student account - https://www.linkedin.com/learning - See the Bootstrap Essentials VIDEO Tutorial - https://www.linkedin.com/learning/bootstrap-5-essential-training ::: - How does the combination of different ways of observing, manipulating, thinking, and applying code help learners to develop a comprehensive mental model of understanding? ## COMPONENTS - Browse through the different [COMPONENTS](http://getbootstrap.com/components/) of the Bootstrap Framework and observe **_the pattern_** of how the documentation is presented. Experiment with BUTTONS for a good example: https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/components/button-group/ - When learning to use new components in a framework, what do you think is the best practice on how to learn about the feature? - try and play with the codes - add a new component, and try to change or delete some `tag` `id` or other parts of elements and see how the hieranchy and relationship changed - In my table, I have "Extremely Deadly" as a label of sorts, that is bright red which is defined by the `.bg-danger` class. OVERRIDE this rule in your custom CSS pane to make `.bg-danger` a `pink` color using the following value: `pink !important` - Try removing the `!important` and what happens? Why? - It isn't pink, because there is another css rules applied to it - What affect might this have on other parts of my page? - other parts that used bg-danger class in my website also changed the color to pink - Pick a few different components you find interesting. Try to implement them into your Tinker fork on Codepen. - Share with your group what you found about the experience of learning to use new features and what your takeaway was. ## JAVASCRIPT :::info Some components, mostly those that will react to user interaction are driven by Javascript. We aren't quite there yet. You are free to play with these features, but for the group conversation try to focus on the non-programmatic features. ::: ## NOTES I'm hoping that this week's tinker will help you implement your design ideas for the project due at the end of the week. The purpose is to 1) provide you with a set of concepts that build on your prior experiences to deepen your understanding and 2) provide you with a practical set of tools that will reduce the development time of your project dramatically. I recommend that during your discussion, you also address your design ideas for this week's project which I have outlined in the Project Specifications. You can use that as a guide to talk about the important learning design concepts you are considering. Looking forward to seeing what you come up with. :smile_cat: