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title: 區塊鏈知識

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# 區塊鏈知識


**本文章不定期更新, 如果有錯誤請跟我說,謝謝**


ICO 首次公開募股的行為 只是ICO發行的是虛擬貨幣、IPO是發行股票
[ICO是什麼意思？如何參加ICO？買虛擬貨幣ICO有風險嗎？](https://rich01.com/what-is-crypto-ico-risky/)
[OTC場外交易](https://www.ig.com/cn/glossary-trading-terms/otc-definition)

* 返現比例
* 賣家買幣（稱為 C2C）
* 入金 法幣轉 USDT 
* 出金 USDT 轉法幣

* 法幣 = 美金 台幣 人民幣
* 數字貨幣 例如 數位人民幣
* 穩定幣 例如USDT 泰達幣
* 幣幣交易 例如USDT買BTC
* 加密kline 綠漲 紅跌 ( 跟台股相反 )

```go=

現貨賬戶：用來充幣（數字貨幣充值），提幣（將幣提現到其他地方），以及用來做幣幣交易（兩種數字貨幣之間的交易）
槓桿賬戶：用來做槓桿
合約賬戶：用來做合約
法幣賬戶：人民幣出入金用這個賬戶，比如你用人民幣購買數字貨幣的話，購買到的數字貨幣就直接衝入到這個賬戶裡面了

不同賬戶的資金功能是不一樣的，你無法用法幣賬戶的幣去做幣幣交易，所以如果你的幣在法幣賬戶，要想做幣幣交易，那該怎麼辦呢？

就需要你透過資金劃轉功能將你的幣從法幣賬戶劃轉到幣幣賬戶去。

所以一般來說數字貨幣裡面的各個賬戶，如果想在裡面之間進行互相轉賬的話，就需要用到資金劃轉功能了。在不同賬戶之間進行資金劃轉是免費的。
```

錢包出金，就是把幣安裡的錢轉到別的交易所（假設是max交易所 USDT 交易）
1. 從max交易所 從 **錢包** 獲取USDT的錢包地址
2. 從幣安交易所，在「提現」介面中輸入錢包地址和金額
3. 去max交易所檢查是否有


[5種幣安充值/入金方法與手續費詳解](https://rich01.com/binance-deposit/)


# k線教學
[炒幣如何看K線？怎麼看走勢圖？](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rvfpfeK-hw)
![](https://i.imgur.com/PDPL8px.png)


spot 現貨交易

[MetaMask 小狐狸錢包教學：如何使用、下載、從幣安轉帳進去](https://applealmond.com/posts/128352)




# 區塊鏈組成
[圖解區塊鏈-起源](https://medium.com/change-or-die/%E5%9C%96%E8%A7%A3%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88-%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E7%AF%87-57ca494322d3)
[圖解區塊鏈1](https://medium.com/change-or-die/%E5%9C%96%E8%A7%A3%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88-%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87-%E4%B8%AD-part-1-1d063b3a0437)
[圖解區塊鏈2](https://medium.com/change-or-die/%E5%9C%96%E8%A7%A3%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88-%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87-%E4%B8%AD-part-2-c13b4a0470ef)

gas limit 一個區塊所能包進去的交易數量
會自動調節

# 共識機制
比特幣和乙太幣, 每1000個區塊後, 會調整共識難度 ( 會導致挖礦難度也提高 )

**硬分岔:改變共識演算法(且所有節點都要更新版本, 更新此規則跟著改。ps:沒更新版本的節點就會不能使用**
例如經典乙太幣, 當年交易所被駭客, 所以就修改共識演算法, 硬分岔成兩條, 新的分岔改為ETH(Ethereum), 原本舊的鏈就改為(Ethereum Classic, ETC)
https://www.gate.io/zh-tw/blog_detail/600/thedao-theft-the-story-of-the-ethereum-hard-fork-explained

**軟分岔:些微改變**
應該是增加一個新flag變數, 某些節點有更新, 看得懂新的flag在幹嘛
沒更新的舊節點, 因為此新flag不在共識演算法檢查範圍內, 就不用改
新舊節點都兼容的一個改版, 大體上是這樣意思

# Hash
比特幣採用的hash演算法是 sha256(SHA-2)
比較新的應該都是用 SHA-3

如果比特幣使用的sha256演算法有碰撞可能
可以硬分岔, 改變共識演算法規則, 就可以讓鏈更加穩定

區塊鍊是用hash來識別唯一性
如果同一個區塊, 但hash值不同代表有可能被竄改

區塊鍊,實際使用Merkle Tree(哈希樹)
要驗證此Root hash是否正確
就把每個區塊的資料, 兩兩hans起來, 最後就得到Root hash
優點快速驗證此hash (只需少量的關鍵hans即可驗證全部資料的正確性)
![](https://i.imgur.com/z0QUxhI.png)

# 區塊鍊瀏覽器

[乙太坊區塊鍊瀏覽器](https://etherscan.io/)
[比特幣區塊鍊瀏覽器](https://btcscan.org/)

區塊內容
| 欄位         | 內容                                          | 數值                           |
|:------------ |:--------------------------------------------- |:------------------------------ |
| Block Height | 區塊鍊高度, 流水號 從0開始 (0等於創世區塊)    | 16738041                       |
| Status       | 狀態 1:成功                                   | Finalized                      |
| Timestamp    | 創建區塊時間                                  | Mar-02-2023 02:53:11 AM +UTC   |
| Transactions | 區塊內的交易筆數                              | 169                            |
| Block Reward | 區塊鍊挖礦獎勵                                | 0.0662246242078339 ETH         |
| Difficulty   | 挖礦難度                                      | 58,750,003,716,598,352,816,469 |
| Gas Used     | 此區塊實際使用的瓦斯數量 (不可超過 gas limit) | 29,930,729(99.77%)             |
| Gas Limit    | 此區塊瓦斯使用上限(代表能包含的交易總數)      | 30,000,000                     |
| Extra Data   | 智能合約使用的區段                            | Text                           |

[ETH高度16738041的資料](https://etherscan.io/block/16738041)

交易內容
| 欄位            | 內容                                             | 數值                                         |
| --------------- |:------------------------------------------------ |:-------------------------------------------- |
| From            | 交易來源地址                                     | 0x95222290DD7278Aa3Ddd389Cc1E1d165CC4BAfe5   |
| To              | 交易目的地址                                     | 0x388C818CA8B9251b393131C08a736A67ccB19297   |
| Value           | 交易金額                                         | 0.042089734807192261 ETH                     |
| Transaction Fee | 手續費                                           | 0.000520838869624207 ETH                     |
| Gas Price       | 價格,設定越高, 礦工越會來挖你這筆交易,就越快成交 | 23.555645137 Gwei (0.000000023555645137 ETH) |
| Gas Used        | 此交易實際使用的瓦斯數量 (不可超過 gas limit)    | 22,111 (73.7%)                               |
| Gas Limit       | 瓦斯使用上限 ( Gas Used超過此數值就會交易失敗 )  | 30,000                                       |
| Gas Fees            | Text                                             | Text                                         |


[0xf4a447c7793f646f719e0761d6164c57bbe56fafe8f868a0643d0bb725551850地址的資料](https://etherscan.io/tx/0xf4a447c7793f646f719e0761d6164c57bbe56fafe8f868a0643d0bb725551850)

[試玩 Blockchain Demo：瞭解區塊鏈如何防止攻擊、挖礦電腦都在算什麼](https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/%E8%A9%A6%E7%8E%A9-blockchain-demo-%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A-%E6%8C%96%E7%A4%A6%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%A8%E7%AE%97%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC-6171fbc2619a)


---

# 挖礦
挖礦＝猜數字
hash猜到0就有挖礦獎勵 (hash出來的結果, 從左邊看, 一開始設定滿足0000就算挖礦成功, 後面會慢慢演變成越多的0000000)
越多0代表挖礦難度越高

所以**bitcoin**調整難易度就是
藉由改變block的nonce的數值
導致hash的最左側數值變成0 (圖中範例目前是要滿足4個0)
就代表挖礦成功

當挖礦成功後 廣播給所有節點
並且獲得 coinBase + 交易的手續費 的獎勵
最後並將結果廣播給所有節點

![](https://i.imgur.com/t3YFBJr.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/sP4KPwg.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/HVUSmT5.png)

ps: 我看教學網站的hash左側是一堆0, 但實務上看etherscan, 貌似不是這樣, 挖礦的細節還要去看實務上的改變
比特幣(bitcoin是用hash的前導0的數量, 來看是否挖到礦)
乙太坊是用其他方式來判斷是否挖到礦 todo:待查方法
![](https://i.imgur.com/WOFRAT0.png)

[blockchain demo網站](https://andersbrownworth.com/blockchain/block)

---

# 手續費算法

一般標準交易的 Gas Limit 為21000

[【新手教學】到底什麼是Gas、Gas Price、Gas Limit](https://zombit.info/%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%98%AFgas%E3%80%81gas-limit%E3%80%81gas-price%EF%BC%9F/)

# 交易
![](https://i.imgur.com/Pupx1Se.png)


## 私鑰公鑰
![](https://i.imgur.com/ghNFXMx.png)

私鑰(2的256次方)(亂數產生) =>使用SPEC256 =>公鑰 =>Hash一次 => 錢包地址

1. 私鑰簽署任何資訊(文字)或是(交易單)
2. 將簽署結果廣播到網路上
3. 讓任何人拿公鑰來驗證 （驗證通過代表是匹配的key)
4. 無法從**公鑰逆推出私鑰**

| 幣種      | 交易確認次數(區塊鏈高度)   |
| -------- | -----------  |
| 比特幣     | 至少6次    |
| 以太幣     | 30次    |

![](https://i.imgur.com/ehx6n5r.png)

當挖礦時候，每個節點雖然會儲存區塊鏈，但每個節點不一定會立即同步資訊（例如歐洲跟中國）
當兩個節點長度不一樣時，以較長的為主（短的會有自動銷毀機制)
**節點設計要追最長的鏈**
![](https://i.imgur.com/BVvSYVG.png)


# 相關生態網站
[etherscan 看幣的內容](https://etherscan.io/)

# 錢包
1. 錢包有分public key(公鑰) 和 private key(私鑰) 
2. 公鑰是錢包地址． 私鑰是要進行支付時的證明，也是證明此錢包的所有權和控制權
3. 分冷熱錢包，冷錢包(實體的設備, 例如USB) 熱錢包(手機APP 網頁交易所)

**交易所錢包，功能上和熱錢包類似，只是比熱錢包更加便於交易，但在安全性上定義不同，
交易所錢包就像是交易所提供的託管帳戶，因此用戶並不擁有此錢包中的加密貨幣私鑰**
![](https://i.imgur.com/gFWEAfG.png)

[熱錢包、冷錢包差在哪？最安全的加密貨幣錢包是哪一種](https://rich01.com/crypto-hot-wallet-vs-cold-wallet/)

輕錢包 
* dapp 和
* 不用同步的就是輕錢包
* 只保存私鑰

測試鏈
[rinkeby](https://www.rinkeby.io/#stats)

# DAPP 去中心化應用
DAPP + 智能合約 
---

# 智能合約
OPCODE 基本加減乘除指令

[新手指南丨Token 是什麼？它和 Coin 有什麼區別](https://www.btcc.com/zh-TW/academy/crypto-basics/the-difference-between-token-and-coin)
[Ethereum ERC20 Token Standard 以太坊代幣標準介紹](https://medium.com/hackoin-taiwan/ethereum-erc20-token-standard-%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E5%9D%8A%E4%BB%A3%E5%B9%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9-b7bc58171021)
[快速鑄造自己的智能合約幣(Token)](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10289620)

---


---

[以太坊節點查詢(區塊鏈瀏覽器)](https://etherscan.io/)
[以太坊主網統計](https://ethernodes.org/)
[以太坊狀態](https://ethstats.net/)

節點兩大種類
Parity 和 Geth



區塊鏈兩大應用
Defi NFT

[去中心化金融(DeFi)](https://ethereum.org/zh/defi/)

# 小狐狸錢包
[如何將MetaMask連接到幣安智能鏈？](https://academy.binance.com/zt/articles/connecting-metamask-to-binance-smart-chain)


將小狐狸錢包的地址貼到 水龍頭網站上, 即可領取免費代幣

[BNB測試代幣水龍頭](https://testnet.binance.org/faucet-smart)


**ETH發代幣水龍頭**
[goerli 水龍頭](https://goerlifaucet.com/)
[sepolia 水龍頭](https://sepoliafaucet.com/)
[rinkeby 很多時候offline](https://faucet.rinkeby.io/)
[ephemery 水龍頭
](https://ephemery-faucet.pk910.de/)
**通常都是把自己的錢包地址貼到水龍頭輸入框內, 在按下送出即可獲得免費代幣(通常一天領一次)**


**登入後將錢包地址貼在聊天區域內**
[Kovan testnet][https://gitter.im/kovan-testnet/faucet]
[ETH水龍頭url彙整區](https://goethereumbook.org/zh/faucets/)

**ethscan**
[faucets 水龍頭s](https://www.alchemy.com/faucets)
[mainnet ](https://etherscan.io/)

[testnet sepolia](https://sepolia.etherscan.io/)
[用Go来做以太坊开发](https://goethereumbook.org/zh/)



**AAVE**
https://staging.aave.com/faucet/

---


**BTC發代幣水龍頭**
[比特幣官網測試錢包下載](https://bitcoin.org/zh_CN/download)
[比特币测试网钱包教學](https://codeantenna.com/a/Nlu5kKZCqV)
[比特币测试网钱包](https://www.bitaddress.org)
[bitcoinfaucet水龍頭](https://bitcoinfaucet.uo1.net/)
[bitcoin測試鏈](https://blockstream.info/testnet/)
[bitcoin主鏈1](https://blockstream.info/)
[bitcoin主鏈2](https://btcscan.org/)
[golang 实现区块链(Bitcoin)系列1 - 基本原型](https://learnblockchain.cn/article/577)


[正則表達式檢查](https://tool.oschina.net/regex/)


[chainlist鏈的列表](https://chainlist.org/)



# 區塊鏈攻擊

* 挖礦劫持攻擊 Cryptojacking Attack
* 雙花攻擊 Double Spending Attack
* 供應鏈攻擊 Supply Chain Attack
* 區塊鏈拒絕服務攻擊 BDoS
* 雙花攻擊 Double Spending Attack
* 
顧名思義，雙花攻擊 (Double Spend Attack) 是一筆錢 花兩次 的意思。雙花攻擊並不會產生新的幣，而是比較像是把花出去的錢拿回來，普通使用者正常使用區塊鏈網路時，基本上不會遇到被動雙花的情境，但對於攻擊者來說有很多攻擊是可以實現的，目前有常見的幾種手法能夠引發雙花攻擊：

51% 算力攻擊（51% Attack）
最常見的雙花攻擊模式，攻擊者佔有超過全網 50% 的算力，在攻擊者控制算力的這段時間，他可以創造一條長於公鏈的側鏈，再根據 最長鏈共識 使得公鏈中的交易回滾，最終實現雙花。

**51% 算力攻擊實際範例**
```go=
假設區域
歐洲算力49% 亞洲算力51%
我在歐洲發起一個轉帳交易, 轉500ETH給某玩家, 然後拿到等值的法幣或物品

然後同時在亞洲拼命的產生區塊, 區塊數目高於歐洲後, 亞洲的區塊會取代歐洲(因為長度最長的會取代短的 )
所以導致歐洲這筆500ETH轉帳就會被回朔, 但我實際上拿到等值的物品
```

不過現實中比特幣、以太坊都沒被此攻擊過，因為成本太高了，比特幣的 PoW 共識，攻擊者想要在六次確認的時間內追上最長鏈，幾乎不太可能！

種族攻擊（Race attack）
這種攻擊主要通過控制礦工費（gas），來實現雙花攻擊。攻擊者會同時發送兩筆交易，一筆交易發給自己 (增加更高的礦工費)，另一筆發給商家。

由於發送給自己的交易中含有較高的手續費，因此有較高機率被優先打包進最長鏈中，而商家看到攻擊者發送的交易，這時可能已被驗證，故提供商品給攻擊者。

芬尼攻擊（Finney attack）
主要通過控制交易過程中區塊確認的時間來實現雙花攻擊，攻擊對象是一個願意接受未確認交易的商家。

攻擊者用第一筆交易挖掘了一個區塊，但將其隱藏，接著用同一個比特幣發起第二筆交易給願意接受未確認交易的商家，再來攻擊者就把他自己之前挖到的區塊廣播出去，這時候發給自己的交易就先於發給商家的交易。對於攻擊者來說，通過控制區塊的廣播時間，就實現了同一筆 token 的雙花，為了降低這種風險，賣方應在放行貨物前等待至少六個區塊的確認。


# 幣種比較


| 名稱 | 詳細名稱 | 最小單位                     | 出塊速度 | 交易確認數 | 交易完成時間 |
| ---- | -------- |:---------------------------- |:-------- |:---------- |:------------ |
| BTC  | bitcoin  | 1 BTC = 0.00000001 (聰)Sat   | 10分鐘   | 6個        | 1小時內      |
| ETH  | Ethereum | 1 Ether = 10 的 18 次方 GWei | 15秒內   | 12個       | 3分鐘約      |
| USDT | Tether   | 1 Ether = 10 的 18 次方 GWei | 15秒內   | 12個       | 5分鐘約      |

BTC 公開金鑰經過 SHA-256 雜湊運算後，再通過 RIPEMD-160 雜湊運算而得，其長度固定為 160 個位元（bits），通常會利用 Base58 將之編碼成一串由英文字母和數字所組成的字串，以方便顯示或散佈，其特徵是皆以「1」或者「3」開頭

# 協議比較

EIP = Ethereum Improvement Proposals = 社群用來改善Ethereum的提案，提案成功就會納入改版的製程

![](https://i.imgur.com/1W4JwnA.png)


| 協議名稱 | 鏈名稱             |  原生幣   | 出塊速度 | 共識演算法 | 交易所手續費 | 鏈上實際手續費          |     |
| -------- |:------------------ | --- |:-------- |:---------- | ------------ | ----------------------- | --- |
| ERC20    | Ethereum鏈(以太鏈) | ETH    | Text     |            | 10~20USDT    | 0.0007 ~ 0.008 eth 不等 |     |
| ERC721    | Ethereum鏈(以太鏈) | ETH    | Text     |            |     |  |     |
| TRC20    |泰達幣     |     | 3秒一個  | 3秒一個    |              | 1                       | 2   |


[Ethereum 代幣基準 (ERC) 總覽](https://myethlabs.wordpress.com/2018/07/05/ethereum-%E4%BB%A3%E5%B9%A3%E5%9F%BA%E6%BA%96-erc-%E7%B8%BD%E8%A6%BD/)

區塊鏈：以太坊區塊鏈
轉帳手續費(以幣安為例)：10 USDT (各交易所不一樣)
最小轉帳數量(以幣安為例)：50 USDT (各交易所不一樣)
到帳時間：普通、易堵塞，幾分鐘到幾十分鐘
安全性：普通
轉帳帳號地址開頭：0x


hans 好像搞錯 usdt是泰達幣

# 乙太方1.0 2.0
[刚启动的信标链是什么？对以太坊2.0来说意味着什么？](https://www.tuoluo.cn/article/detail-10035788.html)

# 側鏈和通道狀態
以太坊交易量限制為每秒 15 筆。由於以太坊的受歡迎程度遠遠超過每秒 15 筆交易，這就導致以太坊的交易擁堵，以及 Gas 費的高昂。最終，這也讓許多用戶望而卻步，並限制以太坊目前能夠處理的應用程式類型。所以有三種方式可以解決上述兩個問題

1. Layer 1 區塊鏈（與以太坊競爭）
2. Layer 2 網絡（完全與以太坊互補）
3. 側鏈（部分與以太坊互補）


**側鏈是使用雙向錨定關聯於其父鏈（主鏈）的單獨區塊鏈。換句話說，你可以將資產移至側鏈，並再移回父鏈。（就是將主鏈資產在主鏈和側鏈間來回移動）**

```go=
雙向錨定使得可以在父鏈和子鏈之間以預定的匯率進行資產互換。原始區塊鏈通常成為「主鏈」，其他所有外加的區塊鏈都稱為「側鏈」。區塊鏈平台 Ardor 將其側鏈稱為「子鏈」。

父鏈上的用戶首先必須發送其代幣到一個輸出地址，這些代幣會被鎖定，因此用戶無法在其他地方消費它們。在交易完成之後，會通過跨鏈進行確認，然後等待一段時間，以提高安全性。

在等待期過後，側鏈上會釋放等量的代幣，允許用戶獲取並在此處進行消費。當將資產從側鏈移回主鏈，流程剛好相反。
```
![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sy_TwtuV2.png)


[](https://www.blocktempo.com/difference-between-sidechains-and-state-channels/)
[多鏈、側鏈和 Layer 2，誰才是以太坊擴展方案的未來？](https://blockcast.it/2021/11/25/scaling-ethereum-a-guide-to-the-multi-chain-future-sidechains-and-layer-2-solutions/)

# 其他雜學
[如何取得 polygon 鏈上的 ETH？ 最省手續費方法教學](https://matters.news/@erica072/189613-%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%97-polygon-%E9%8F%88%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84-eth-%E6%9C%80%E7%9C%81%E6%89%8B%E7%BA%8C%E8%B2%BB%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8-bafyreihxfcwmyzegtmrhdbuuzuxrrwk6lnfzn3kl4izxdkrddca33y2jl4)


# 已發布合約

發佈時的已部署的合約
0xbb6fB7B6Ca2A864776d4eaD564B7Ba98c1AaBABf
```go=
状态	0x1 交易已打包且执行成功
交易哈希	0x16f80ac1066e84eeeacf826ba81680b819a5ad13fb8b107533824cf51818cbb8
区块哈希	0xcb119e25539f71e5d1e77ef5f8de7018dc0a09a44aca16225c7b629c69fbcedc
区块号	5388598
合约地址	0xbb6fb7b6ca2a864776d4ead564b7ba98c1aababf
from	0x8de6b6aa4cda66f94fe7f1b7d252a9d583a23239
to	CatToken.(constructor)
gas	2585081 gas
交易成本	2563568 gas 
输入	0x608...80033
解码输入	{}
解码输出	 - 
日志	[
	{
		"from": "0xbb6fb7b6ca2a864776d4ead564b7ba98c1aababf",
		"topic": "0xc7f505b2f371ae2175ee4913f4499e1f2633a7b5936321eed1cdaeb6115181d2",
		"event": "Initialized",
		"args": {
			"0": "18446744073709551615",
			"version": "18446744073709551615"
		}
	}
]
```

**ABI**
```go=
[
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "constructor"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "ECDSAInvalidSignature",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "length",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "bytes32",
				"name": "s",
				"type": "bytes32"
			}
		],
		"name": "ECDSAInvalidSignatureS",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "spender",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "allowance",
				"type": "uint256"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "needed",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC20InsufficientAllowance",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "sender",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "balance",
				"type": "uint256"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "needed",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC20InsufficientBalance",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "approver",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC20InvalidApprover",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "receiver",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC20InvalidReceiver",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "sender",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC20InvalidSender",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "spender",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC20InvalidSpender",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "deadline",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC2612ExpiredSignature",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "signer",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "owner",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "ERC2612InvalidSigner",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "EnforcedPause",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "ExpectedPause",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "account",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "currentNonce",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "InvalidAccountNonce",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "InvalidInitialization",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "NotInitializing",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "owner",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "OwnableInvalidOwner",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "account",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "OwnableUnauthorizedAccount",
		"type": "error"
	},
	{
		"anonymous": false,
		"inputs": [
			{
				"indexed": true,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "owner",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"indexed": true,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "spender",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"indexed": false,
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "Approval",
		"type": "event"
	},
	{
		"anonymous": false,
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "EIP712DomainChanged",
		"type": "event"
	},
	{
		"anonymous": false,
		"inputs": [
			{
				"indexed": false,
				"internalType": "uint64",
				"name": "version",
				"type": "uint64"
			}
		],
		"name": "Initialized",
		"type": "event"
	},
	{
		"anonymous": false,
		"inputs": [
			{
				"indexed": true,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "previousOwner",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"indexed": true,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "newOwner",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "OwnershipTransferred",
		"type": "event"
	},
	{
		"anonymous": false,
		"inputs": [
			{
				"indexed": false,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "account",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "Paused",
		"type": "event"
	},
	{
		"anonymous": false,
		"inputs": [
			{
				"indexed": true,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "from",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"indexed": true,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "to",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"indexed": false,
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "Transfer",
		"type": "event"
	},
	{
		"anonymous": false,
		"inputs": [
			{
				"indexed": false,
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "account",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "Unpaused",
		"type": "event"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "DOMAIN_SEPARATOR",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "bytes32",
				"name": "",
				"type": "bytes32"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "owner",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "spender",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "allowance",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "spender",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "approve",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "bool",
				"name": "",
				"type": "bool"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "account",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "balanceOf",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "burn",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "account",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "burnFrom",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "decimals",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint8",
				"name": "",
				"type": "uint8"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "eip712Domain",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "bytes1",
				"name": "fields",
				"type": "bytes1"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "string",
				"name": "name",
				"type": "string"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "string",
				"name": "version",
				"type": "string"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "chainId",
				"type": "uint256"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "verifyingContract",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "bytes32",
				"name": "salt",
				"type": "bytes32"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256[]",
				"name": "extensions",
				"type": "uint256[]"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "initialOwner",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "initialize",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "to",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "amount",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "mint",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "name",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "string",
				"name": "",
				"type": "string"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "owner",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "nonces",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "owner",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "pause",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "paused",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "bool",
				"name": "",
				"type": "bool"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "owner",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "spender",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "deadline",
				"type": "uint256"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint8",
				"name": "v",
				"type": "uint8"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "bytes32",
				"name": "r",
				"type": "bytes32"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "bytes32",
				"name": "s",
				"type": "bytes32"
			}
		],
		"name": "permit",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "renounceOwnership",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "symbol",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "string",
				"name": "",
				"type": "string"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "totalSupply",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "view",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "to",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "transfer",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "bool",
				"name": "",
				"type": "bool"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "from",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "to",
				"type": "address"
			},
			{
				"internalType": "uint256",
				"name": "value",
				"type": "uint256"
			}
		],
		"name": "transferFrom",
		"outputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "bool",
				"name": "",
				"type": "bool"
			}
		],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [
			{
				"internalType": "address",
				"name": "newOwner",
				"type": "address"
			}
		],
		"name": "transferOwnership",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	},
	{
		"inputs": [],
		"name": "unpause",
		"outputs": [],
		"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
		"type": "function"
	}
]
```