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    --- ###### tags: `TypeScript` --- # 10/18 ## readonly 只讀 ```javascript= class Person_11 { public readonly name: string; constructor(name: string) { this.name = name; } } const person11 = new Person_11("Dell"); console.log(person11.name); person11.name = "hello"; // 報錯 因為 'name' 為唯讀屬性,所以無法指派至 'name'。 console.log(person11.name); ``` ## abstract class 抽象類 - 很多的類如果有通用性,抽象類就是把這些東西定義出來,進行封裝 >例:每個圖形都要有個 getArea 方法 ```javascript= // 定義圖形通用抽象類 abstract class Geom { width!: number; getType() { return "Geom"; } abstract getArea(): number; } // 抽象類只能被繼承,抽象方法必須在子類中被實現 class Circle extends Geom { getArea() { return 123; } } class Square {} class Triangle {} ``` - test ```javascript= // 定義介面 interface Teacher { name: string; } interface Student { name: string; age: number; } interface Driver { name: string; age: number; } const teacher = { name: "dell", }; const student = { name: "lee", age: 18, }; // 介面封裝不夠,職業太多 const getUserInfo = (user: Teacher | Student | Driver) => { console.log(user.name); }; getUserInfo(teacher); getUserInfo(student); ``` - 對介面二次封裝 ```javascript= // 二次封裝介面 人物 interface Person { name: string; } // 定義介面 interface Teacher extends Person { teachingAge: number; } interface Student extends Person { age: number; } interface Driver extends Person { age: number; } const teacher = { name: "dell", teachingAge: 3, }; const student = { name: "lee", age: 18, }; // user 是 Person 得到改善 const getUserInfo = (user: Person) => { console.log(user.name); }; getUserInfo(teacher); getUserInfo(student); ``` # 爬蟲 ## 環境建置 ``` npm init -y tsc --init npm install -D ts-node ``` - package.json 中 scripts 設置 ```json "dev": "ts-node ./src/crawler.ts" ``` - js 套件需要翻譯文件 > ts -> .d.ts 翻譯文件 @types/superagent -> js - async await ```javascript= async getRawHtml() { const result = await superagent.get(this.url); this.rawHtml = result.text; console.log(this.rawHtml); } ``` - fs、path : - node 核心模塊 (檔案存取以及路徑) ### 按需求定義 interface ```javascript= interface Course { title: string; courseImg: string; } interface CourseResult { time: number; data: Course[]; } interface Content { [propName: number]: Course[]; } ``` ### 建構實體 class ```javascript= class Crowller { private url = `http://www.dell-lee.com/`; private filePath = path.resolve(__dirname, "../data/course.json"); methods:{ // 方法.... } // 構造器 constructor() { this.initSpiderProcess(); } } const crowller = new Crowller(); ``` ### 建構方法 > 保持單一職則原則 ```javascript= // 獲取 html 方法 async getRawHtml() { const result = await superagent.get(this.url); return result.text; } // 傳入 html 並回傳 Data 物件 getCourseInfo(html: string) { // 過程(略..... return { time: new Date().getTime(), data: courseInfos }; } // 取得檔案內容方法 generateJsonContent(courseInfo: CourseResult) { let fileContent: Content = {}; // 判斷該路徑文件是否存在 if (fs.existsSync(this.filePath)) { // 先讀取已存在文件內容 fileContent = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(this.filePath, "utf-8")); } fileContent[courseInfo.time] = courseInfo.data; return fileContent; } // 寫入檔案方法 writeFile(content: string) { fs.writeFileSync(this.filePath, content); } ``` ### 將邏輯過程拆分出來 (controller ?) -> 避免耦合 ```javascript= async initSpiderProcess() { const html = await this.getRawHtml(); // 將 html 傳入 getCourseInfo() const courseInfo = this.getCourseInfo(html); // 將 data物件 傳入 generateJsonContent() const fileContent = this.generateJsonContent(courseInfo); this.writeFile(JSON.stringify(fileContent)); // 將 courseInfo 傳入 writeFile() console.log("已完成"); } ``` # 爬蟲重構 - 組合模式 將 html 分析的過程抽離成一個分析類 (Analyzer),將原本的 Crawler 功能改造成 >**獲取 html -> 交給分析類(回傳檔案內容) -> 寫入檔案** ### 分析類 Analyzer ```javascript= // 搬移介面與方法 interface Course {...} interface CourseResult{...} interface Content {...} // 定義分析類 export default class DellAnalyzer implements Analyzer { private getCourseInfo(html: string) { // ...略 } generateJsonContent(courseInfo: CourseResult, filePath: string) { // ...略 } // 定義分析方法 ( html 內容,路徑 ) public ToAnalyzer(html: string, filePath: string) { const courseInfo = this.getCourseInfo(html); const fileContent = this.generateJsonContent(courseInfo, filePath); // 回傳 檔案內容字串 return JSON.stringify(fileContent); } } ``` ### 改寫 Crawler ```javascript= import DellAnalyzer from "./dellAnalyzer.ts"; // 定義 Analyzer 介面 export interface Analyzer { ToAnalyzer: (html: string, filePath: string) => string; } class Crawler { // ....略 async initSpiderProcess() { const html = await this.getRawHtml(); // 將分析交給 analyzer (class) // 將 courseInfo 傳入 writeFile() const fileContent = this.analyzer.ToAnalyzer(html, this.filePath); this.writeFile(fileContent); console.log("已完成"); } // 構造時 將分析類傳入 constructor(private url: string, private analyzer: Analyzer) { this.initSpiderProcess(); } } // 將網址抽出 const url = `http://www.dell-lee.com/`; // 組合設計模式實作 const analyzer = new otherAnalyzer(); new Crawler(url, analyzer); ```

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