# 微控制器硬體電路設計 ###### tags: `Hardware` [TOC] ## Preface 本篇介紹如何設計讓 MCU 運作的基本電路 (最小系統)。  > 圖為在麵包板上接出 ATmega328P 最小系統,可以透過 SPI 進行燒錄,執行 blink 功能。 ## Basic Component ### MCU 大腦。 針對需求選型,包括,通訊能力,IO 數量,運算能力,應用場景 ... 等。 #### 架構選擇 - ARM Cortex-M (32-bits 主流) - [STM32](https://www.st.com/en/microcontrollers-microprocessors/stm32-32-bit-arm-cortex-mcus.html) - [NXP](https://www.nxp.com/products/processors-and-microcontrollers/arm-microcontrollers/general-purpose-mcus:GENERAL-PURPOSE-MCUS) - [Microchip SAM Family](https://www.microchip.com/en-us/products/microcontrollers-and-microprocessors/32-bit-mcus/sam-32-bit-mcus) - Teensy - ARM Cortex-A (64-bits 主流) - Raspberry Pi - TI BeagleBone - ... - RISC-V (崛起中 ... 包括 32-bits 與 64-bits) - SiFive - ESP32-C series - AVR - Arduino - PIC - Intel 8051 - Xtensa - ESP32 ### Clock 心跳。 [Quartz Crystals Vs. Ceramic Resonator: The Differences And Why A Crystal Oscillator May Be A Superior Choice](https://ecsxtal.com/ecs-electronic-component-new-product-announcements/334-quartz-crystals-vs-ceramic-resonator) [REPLACING CRYSTALS AND CERAMIC RESONATORS WITH SILICON OSCILLATORS](https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/technical-documents/app-notes/3/3582.html) [CRYSTAL AND OSCILLATOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS](https://ecsxtal.com/crystal-and-oscillator-printed-circuit-board-design-considerations) [ECS INC 2022 Product Catalog](https://ecsxtal.com/store/pdf/ECS_Catalog.pdf) [What is a MultiVolt Oscillator?](https://ecsxtal.com/images//technicalguides/whatisamultivoltoscillator/what-is-a-multivolt-oscillator.pdf) ### Power 能量。 [何謂DC/DC轉換器?](https://www.rohm.com.tw/electronics-basics/dc-dc-converters/dcdc_what1) [什麼是LDO?](https://www.rohm.com.tw/electronics-basics/dc-dc-converters/dcdc_what8) - 5V - 3.3V - LDO 線性穩壓器電路 ### Reset ### Debug 注入靈魂。 - 常見協議 - JTAG - SPI - SWD ## Reference - [AVR® Microcontroller Hardware Design Considerations](http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/Appnotes/AN2519-AVR-Microcontroller-Hardware-Design-Considerations-00002519B.pdf) - [Getting started with STM32G0 Series hardware development](https://www.st.com/resource/en/application_note/dm00443870-getting-started-with-stm32g0-series-hardware-development-stmicroelectronics.pdf) - [稚暉君 - 【硬核】真●自制超迷你个人服务器 树莓派你可以退群了?](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1q7411h73t) ## 影片資源 - [Phil’s Lab](https://www.youtube.com/@PhilsLab) ## 待整理 Layout 知識 - 旁路電容/去耦電容比較 - 震盪器種類 - 主動式 vs. 被動式 - 陶瓷震盪器 - 石英震盪器 - ... - 0 ohm 電阻用途 [Solder bridge in schematics and 0 resistors](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/261106/solder-bridge-in-schematics-and-0-resistors) - GND 以及 AGND 是否隔離 - [問題來源](https://www.facebook.com/twembedded/posts/pfbid0GKs5PCrhQi89U8dY6CBD7mqaYM8HbAchXPDqUABrEfvwNg8AqgtRYjXUktYJKgb1l) - [影片參考](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vALt6Sd9vlY&t=517s) - :::spoiler 阿亮觀點與建議 - 所有的線都有對應的阻抗 接在上面的元件都會把他的回流電流灌上去 - 就造成 這一段線上有 電壓落差 。 - 分析電路效能時把它所在放進電路特性示意圖中,看看對各個、感測器、放大器會有什麼/有多大的影響。 - 受 [電流、頻率、大小、走線阻&抗的頻率響應&大小 以及相對穩定電源與影響的元件之間,還是有其他部份、是否串聯在有效的感測分枝上?還是可以被修改成並聯的分支上? ] 會有不一樣的影響。 - 分析變動磁場通量/或/變動電流造成的變動磁場所感應出來的電壓訊號會有什麼/多大的影響, 也可以用一樣的做法。受 頻率 面積法線方向內積耦合的積分的影響。 :::
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